这个单元有 5 章：主题课文"我家的家务大战"、词汇延展（家务动词 + 家居设施词族）、语法延展（频度副词深化 + 被动语态入门）、功能句型（描述日常作息与分配家务）、PET 考点与自测。
学完你能：用 50+ 家务动词（tidy up / take out / load / mop）描述谁干什么活；把"妈妈每天做饭"升级成"每天晚饭都由妈妈做"这种被动句；用 always/often/rarely/never 四个频度词精准刻画你的作息。
预计时间：1 周。
衔接说明：KET 里你学过简单的日常动词和 usually/always。本单元把这些词从"够用"升级到"精准"，并第一次引入被动语态——这是 FCE 写作和阅读的高频语法，早入门早轻松。
家居单元 = 家务动词 + 频度副词 + 被动入门。课文带你看 16 岁的 Leo 怎么和弟弟分配家务，以及"晚饭永远是妈妈做"这件事怎么被他写成一封给朋友的 Email。
主题课文 · 我家的家务大战
课文 · A Normal Week at Our House
课文精讲 · B1 版"日常作息"四步
论从"我每天上学"到"我家的一周"
KET 版：I get up at seven. I go to school. I watch TV.——三句流水账，没有信息密度。
PET 版：① 谁干什么（Mum cooks dinner / Dad takes out the rubbish）；② 用频度副词量化（every day / twice a week / hardly ever / rarely）；③ 被动句换个说法（dinner is cooked by her）；④ 一件小插曲收尾（Last week the rubbish wasn't taken out...）。
考试怎么考：PET 写作 Email "write about your home life to a friend"，口语 Part 1 "Tell me about a typical day"。四步一走，100 词 Email 自然成型，还踩中被动和频度副词两个评分点。
① do chores 做家务（do the chores / do the washing-up）
② take out the rubbish 倒垃圾（英式 rubbish，美式 trash）
③ be supposed to do 应该做（Tom is supposed to tidy his room）
④ be allowed to do 被允许做（Nobody is allowed to enter the kitchen）
⑤ stick on the fridge 贴在冰箱上（a list is stuck on the fridge）
词汇延展 · 家务动词族与家居设施
家务动词 · 按房间分组
（可参看「家务家居」深化页）| 房间 | 核心动词短语 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 厨房 | cook dinner, do the washing-up, load/unload the dishwasher, wipe the worktop, take out the rubbish | washing-up 英式"洗碗" |
| 客厅 | tidy up, hoover/vacuum the carpet, dust the shelves, mop the floor, put things away | hoover 英式，vacuum 美式 |
| 卧室 | make the bed, fold the clothes, hang up the washing, change the sheets | make the bed 铺床 |
| 室外/车 | wash the car, cut the grass, water the plants, hang out the washing | hang out 晾衣服 |
家居设施词族
| 英文 | 中文 | 常考搭配 |
|---|---|---|
| dishwasher | 洗碗机 | load the dishwasher |
| fridge / refrigerator | 冰箱 | put it in the fridge |
| cooker / stove | 灶台 | electric cooker 电磁炉 |
| furniture | 家具（不可数） | a piece of furniture |
| curtain / blind | 窗帘 / 百叶帘 | open the curtains |
| neighbour | 邻居 | next-door neighbour |
① furniture 不可数：不说 "a furniture / furnitures"，要说 "a piece of furniture" / "some furniture"。
② housework vs homework：housework 家务（不可数）；homework 作业。别混。
③ do the washing-up vs wash the dishes：一个意思，英式前者美式后者，两个都要认。
④ make the bed 不是"造床"：是"铺床"——起床后把被子叠好。
语法延展 · 频度副词深化 + 被动语态入门
频度副词 · 从 always 到 never 的梯度
| 副词 | 频率 | 位置规则与例句 |
|---|---|---|
| always | 100% | be 动词后、实义动词前：She is always late. / She always arrives late. |
| usually | 80% | I usually load the dishwasher. |
| often | 60% | We often eat out. |
| sometimes | 40% | 可放句首：Sometimes I mop the floor. |
| rarely / hardly ever | 10% | 否定意味：I rarely complain. |
| never | 0% | 本身否定，动词用肯定：I never complain. |
① be 动词后：Dinner is always cooked by her.（不是 always is）
② 实义动词前：I usually load the dishwasher.（不是 load usually）
③ never 本身否定：不说 "I don't never complain"——双重否定错。
被动语态入门 · am/is/are + 过去分词
（可参看「现在时被动」深化页）| 主动 | 被动 | 为什么用被动 |
|---|---|---|
| Mum cooks dinner every day. | Dinner is cooked (by Mum) every day. | 强调晚饭，不强调谁做 |
| Nobody tidies Tom's room. | Tom's room is hardly ever tidied. | 不知道/不说谁干 |
| We don't allow anyone in the kitchen. | Nobody is allowed to enter the kitchen. | 规章制度常用被动 |
| We stick a list on the fridge. | A list is stuck on the fridge. | 强调清单本身 |
① 宾语提前：Dinner（原本宾语）变主语。
② 动词变 am/is/are + p.p.：cook → is cooked。
③ 原主语用 by 引出（可省略）：by Mum——不说谁时直接删掉。
④ 时态跟着走：现在时被动 is/are done；过去时被动 was/were done（Last week the rubbish wasn't taken out）。
情景操练
即学即用
练习1（频度副词位置）：① She ___ late.（always is / is always） ② I ___ the dishwasher.（usually load / load usually） ③ Tom's room ___ tidied.（hardly ever is / is hardly ever）
练习2（主动改被动）：① Mum cooks dinner every day. → Dinner ___ every day. ② We don't allow pets here. → Pets ___ here. ③ People make these chairs in China. → These chairs ___ in China.
练习3（过去时被动）：① The rubbish ___ (not/take) out last week. ② The list ___ (stick) on the fridge yesterday.
练习4（写自己的话）：写 3 句你的日常：你多久做一次某件家务 / 你家什么事永远由谁做 / 你从不做什么。
查看参考答案
- 练习1：① is always（be 后） ② usually load（实义动词前） ③ is hardly ever（be 后）
- 练习2：① is cooked ② are not allowed / aren't allowed ③ are made
- 练习3：① wasn't taken / weren't taken（rubbish 不可数常用单数 was） ② was stuck
- 练习4（示范）：I usually load the dishwasher after dinner. Breakfast is always made by my dad. I never iron my clothes.
功能句型 · 描述作息与分配家务
三套句型模板
I usually get up at seven, and I sometimes skip breakfast if I'm in a hurry.
On weekdays, I always leave home at eight.
I hardly ever go to bed before midnight.
Could you take out the rubbish, please?
It's your turn to load the dishwasher.
Why don't we make a chore list on the fridge?
I'm fed up with doing all the cooking!
That's not fair — I tidy up every day.
OK, if I cook, will you wash up?
场景对话 · 口语 Part 3 搭档讨论
Student A: In my house, my mum always cooks dinner. What about yours?
Student B: My mum cooks too, but my dad is supposed to wash the car twice a week. What do you do?
Student A: I usually load the dishwasher, and I sometimes mop the floor. But my brother hardly ever tidies his room.
Student B: That's not fair! Why don't you make a chore list like ours?
Student A: Good idea. If we stick it on the fridge, everybody will see it.
Student B: Exactly. And we can check off each job every evening.
PET 考点 · 家居日常主题怎么考 + 自测
考点分布表
| 模块/部分 | 题型示例 | 应对策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Reading Part 2（匹配） | 五个人找合适的住处/房间 | 抓家具、设施词（dishwasher, garden） |
| Reading Part 5（完形） | 频度副词位置、被动语态填空 | be 动词后、实义动词前；am/is/are+p.p. |
| Writing Part 1（Email） | 给朋友写信介绍你的家/作息 | 四步：谁干什么+频度+被动+小插曲 |
| Listening Part 1 | 听到洗碗、吸尘器声，判断在哪 | 抓家务动词和房间词 |
| Speaking Part 1 / Part 3 | 典型一天；讨论家务分工 | 频度副词 + be supposed to + 互动句 |
本单元自测 · 8 题
PET 家居日常自测
1（位置）：Dinner ___ by my mum.（always is / is always cooked）
2（选择）：These chairs ___ in China. A. make B. are made C. made
3（被动）：We don't allow pets. → Pets ___ here.
4（过去被动）：The rubbish wasn't ___ (take) out for three days.
5（家务短语）："倒垃圾" = ___ the rubbish；"洗碗" = ___ the washing-up；"铺床" = ___ the bed.
6（易混）：I don't like doing ___. A. housework（家务）B. homework（作业）——哪个是家务？
7（写作）：用四步写 3 句你家的家务分工（谁干什么+频度）。
8（口语）：和搭档练 1 分钟：你们家谁做饭、谁倒垃圾、你负责什么。
查看参考答案
- 1：is always cooked（频度副词在 be 动词后、过去分词前）
- 2：B（椅子是"被制造"→ 被动 are made）
- 3：aren't allowed / are not allowed
- 4：taken（wasn't + 过去分词）
- 5：take out；do；make
- 6：A（housework 家务；homework 作业）
- 7（示范）：My mum always cooks dinner. My dad usually takes out the rubbish. I sometimes load the dishwasher, but I never mop the floor.
- 8（示范）：My mum always cooks. My dad takes out the rubbish twice a week. I usually do the washing-up, and I hardly ever complain.
FCE 衔接 · 同一话题的两级进阶
论PET 家居 → FCE 家居，难度怎么长
语法加码：PET 只学现在时和过去时被动；FCE 要求现在完成时被动（has been done）、将来时被动（will be done）、情态被动（must be done），以及被动的语体功能（新闻、报告）。
词汇升级：PET 会说 chores；FCE 要会说 household budget、commute、work-life balance、flatshare 这类抽象词。
写作升级：PET 写 100 词 Email；FCE 可能要求写一篇"报告"，分析城市里人们的居住方式变化，被动语态和客观语体是拿高分的关键。
现在就做：把被动四步走练到条件反射，下一站是 PET Unit 3（Free Time & Entertainment），我们学短语动词和 as...as 比较结构。
在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方
- 剑桥 Preliminary (PET) 官方考试页（内含免费样题/真题下载）
- Cambridge English 免费学习资源
点进官方考试页可下载免费样题；本课程课文为同主题原创内容，知识点与官方大纲对齐。