这个单元有 5 章：主题课文"我最好的朋友和一次家庭争论"、词汇延展（性格描述词族 + 关系动词短语）、语法延展（一般现在时深化 + 现在完成时入门）、功能句型（描述人物与处理关系）、PET 考点与自测。
学完你能：用 60+ 性格词形容一个人是内向还是外向、可靠还是粗心；分清"我认识他十年了（have known）"和"我昨天认识他（met）"这两种时间表达；在口语 Part 3 里和搭档讨论"朋友之间该怎么相处"。
预计时间：1 周。
衔接说明：你在 KET 已经学过简单的家庭词汇和 be 动词介绍人。本单元是那套打法的"高级版"——句子从三句话拉长到一段，词汇从 kind/friendly 升级到 reliable/easy-going，语法从一般现在时跨到现在完成时。这是 PET 写作 Email 和口语 Part 1 的高频话题。
人物单元 = 性格词族 + 关系动词短语 + 现在完成时。课文带你看 16 岁的 Leo 怎么形容他最好的朋友，以及他和爸爸因为晚回家吵的那一架。
主题课文 · 我最好的朋友和一次家庭争论
课文 · The Person I Know Best
课文精讲 · B1 版"形容人公式"
论从 KET 三句话升级到 PET 一段话
KET 版（三句）：This is my friend. He is friendly. We play football.——只够拿基础分。
PET 版（一段话）：① 他是谁 + 认识多久（We have known each other since eleven）；② 性格形容词 + 一个具体例子（He is reliable. If I need help, he waits for me）；③ 一件共同经历（Last month we had an argument...）；④ 一句总结感悟（I have learnt that...）。
考试怎么考：PET 口语 Part 1 问 "Tell me about someone you know well"，写作 Email 里要 "write about a friend"。这段话模板直接套用——从"认识多久+性格+例子+经历"四步走，100 词轻松写满，还自然带出现在完成时。
① have known each other 互相认识（We have known each other since eleven）
② have an argument with sb 和某人吵架（I had an argument with my dad）
③ apologise to sb 向某人道歉（I have just apologised to my dad）
④ agree with sb 同意某人（Best friends don't always agree with you）
⑤ be worried about 担心（He is worried about you）
词汇延展 · 性格描述词族与关系动词
性格词族 · 四组正反对照
（可参看「性格词族」深化页）| 维度 | 褒义（正面） | 贬义（反面） |
|---|---|---|
| 社交 | outgoing 外向的, sociable 好交际的, friendly 友好的 | shy 害羞的, reserved 内向的, quiet 安静的 |
| 靠谱 | reliable 可靠的, responsible 负责的, organised 有条理的 | careless 粗心的, irresponsible 不负责任的, untidy 邋遢的 |
| 脾气 | patient 有耐心的, calm 沉着的, easy-going 随和的 | impatient 急躁的, moody 情绪化的, stubborn 固执的 |
| 待人 | generous 大方的, honest 诚实的, loyal 忠诚的 | mean 小气的, dishonest 不诚实的, selfish 自私的 |
关系动词短语 · 口语 Part 3 命脉
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get on with sb | 和某人相处融洽 | I get on really well with Jake. |
| fall out with sb | 和某人闹翻 | We fell out last month. |
| make up (with sb) | 和好 | We made up after two days. |
| keep in touch (with) | 保持联系 | We keep in touch online. |
| grow up | 长大 | I have lived here since I grew up. |
① interesting vs interested：He is interesting = 他这个人很有趣；I am interested in him = 我对他感兴趣。形容人用 -ed（感受），形容事物用 -ing（令人…）。
② bored vs boring：I am bored（我觉得无聊）vs The film is boring（电影无聊）。PET 写作最爱在这上面扣分。
③ get on well with：别忘了 well 是副词修饰"相处"这个动作——不说 get on good。
④ generous 不是"慷慨给出去"那么简单：It was generous of him to pay.（他买单真大方。）
语法延展 · 现在完成时入门
现在完成时基本盘
（可参看「现完vs一过」深化页）| 形式 | 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| I/You/We/They have + p.p. | 缩写 've | We have known each other since eleven. |
| He/She/It has + p.p. | 缩写 's | Jake has already finished his homework. |
| 否定 | haven't / hasn't + p.p. | We haven't argued since. |
| 疑问 | Have you...? / Has she...? | Have you apologised to your dad? |
四大标志词 · 一出现就用现在完成时
| 标志词 | 意思与位置 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| just | 刚刚（have just done） | I have just apologised to my dad. |
| already | 已经（肯定句中） | He has already finished. |
| yet | 还（否定/疑问句末） | Have you spoken to him yet? / I haven't spoken yet. |
| ever / never | 曾经 / 从未 | He is the most reliable person I have ever met. |
一句话判断：说得出"昨天/上周/具体时间"→ 一般过去时（I apologised this morning / yesterday）；只说"刚刚/已经/还没过"、不给出具体时间 → 现在完成时（I have just apologised）。
课文里的对照：Last month I had an argument（有具体时间 last month → 过去时）；We haven't argued since（从那以后到现在 → 完成时）。
for vs since：for + 一段时间（for two days）；since + 时间点（since eleven / since last month）。
情景操练
即学即用
练习1（have/has + 过去分词）：① We ___ (know) each other since 2020. ② Jake ___ (already/finish) his homework. ③ I ___ (just/apologise) to my dad. ④ ___ you ___ (speak) to her yet?
练习2（for/since）：① We have been friends ___ eleven years. ② I haven't seen him ___ last month. ③ She has lived here ___ 2019.
练习3（时态选择）：① I ___ (see) Jake yesterday. / I ___ (see) Jake three times this week. ② He ___ (not/argue) with me since last month.
练习4（写自己的话）：用现在完成时写 3 句：你认识某人多久了 / 你最近刚做完什么 / 你还没做什么。
查看参考答案
- 练习1：① have known ② has already finished ③ have just apologised ④ Have...spoken
- 练习2：① for ② since ③ since
- 练习3：① saw（yesterday 具体时间）/ have seen（this week 到现在） ② hasn't argued（since 从那以后）
- 练习4（示范）：I have known my best friend since primary school. I have just finished my project. I haven't called my grandma yet this week.
功能句型 · 描述人物与处理关系
三套句型模板
He/She is really reliable — whenever I need help, he is always there.
She's quite shy, but she is very kind once you get to know her.
We have known each other since we were children.
We fell out last month, but we have made up now.
We keep in touch by messaging every day.
I know what you mean, but...
Why don't you just talk to him about it?
If I were you, I would apologise first.
场景对话 · 口语 Part 3 搭档讨论
Student A: Oh, really well. We have known each other since secondary school, so we get on very well. But we sometimes fall out over small things.
Student B: That's normal. My best friend and I fell out last month because I forgot her birthday. How did you make up?
Student A: We just talked about it. I said sorry, and she forgave me.
Student B: That's good. I think if friends always listen to each other, arguments don't last long.
Student A: Exactly. The most important thing is being honest.
PET 考点 · 人物关系主题怎么考 + 自测
考点分布表
| 模块/部分 | 题型示例 | 应对策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Reading Part 3 | 长文：作者对某个人的态度（positive/negative） | 抓形容词和转折词 but/however |
| Reading Part 5（完形） | 现在完成时、关系短语动词填空 | 看见 since/yet/just 选完成时 |
| Writing Part 1（Email） | 写信给朋友介绍你的家人/朋友 | 四步模板：认识多久+性格+例子+感受 |
| Listening Part 2 | 听两人谈话，判断他们的关系 | 抓称呼、语气、共同经历 |
| Speaking Part 1 / Part 3 | 介绍熟人；和搭档讨论怎么相处 | 性格词族 + 关系短语 + 互动接话 |
本单元自测 · 8 题
PET 人物关系自测
1（填空）：We ___ (know) each other since we were eleven.（现在完成时）
2（选择）：Jake is the ___ person I have ever met. A. reliable B. more reliable C. most reliable
3（标志词）：I have ___ apologised to my dad — just now.（just / yet / since）
4（时态选择）：I ___ (have) an argument with my dad last month.（last month → 什么时？）
5（短语动词）：We ___ (闹翻) last month, but we have ___ (和好) now.
6（易混）：I am ___ in personality tests. A. interesting B. interested
7（写作）：用四步模板写 3 句介绍你最好的朋友（认识多久+性格+例子）。
8（口语）：和搭档练 1 分钟：你们怎么认识的、怎么相处、有没有闹过矛盾。
查看参考答案
- 1：have known（since + 时间点 → 现在完成时）
- 2：C（I have ever met 范围最大 → 最高级 most reliable）
- 3：just（just now 刚刚，现在完成时标志）
- 4：had（last month 具体过去时间 → 一般过去时）
- 5：fell out / made up
- 6：B（I am interested 我感兴趣；-ed 形容人感受）
- 7（示范）：I have known my best friend since primary school. She is really outgoing and loyal. Whenever I am sad, she always listens to me.
- 8（示范）：We met in our first English class. We get on very well because we both love music. We once fell out over a ticket, but we made up quickly.
FCE 衔接 · 同一话题的两级进阶
论PET 人物 → FCE 人物，难度怎么长
词汇升级：PET 会用 reliable/outgoing；FCE 要会用 compassionate、assertive、open-minded 这类更精准的评价词，还要会辨析语体（口语 vs 书面）。
语法加码：PET 现在完成时刚入门；FCE 要求现在完成进行时（I have been waiting）、过去完成时熟练运用、情态动词的推测强弱（must/might/can't have done）。
写作升级：PET 写 100 词 Email；FCE 写 140–190 词的文章或报告，要求观点更抽象、论证更严密。
现在就做：把本单元四步模板练到不假思索，到 FCE 只是往里填更高级的词。下一站是 PET Unit 2（Home & Daily Life）。
在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方
- 剑桥 Preliminary (PET) 官方考试页（内含免费样题/真题下载）
- Cambridge English 免费学习资源
点进官方考试页可下载免费样题；本课程课文为同主题原创内容，知识点与官方大纲对齐。