KET 单元 4 · Food & Drinks

这个单元有 5 章:主题课文"厨房里的午餐"、词汇延展(食物词族)、语法延展(可数/不可数 + some/any + many/much)、功能句型(点餐与表达喜好)、KET 考点与自测。

学完你能:用 100+ 食物词汇点餐、聊口味、写购物清单;可数/不可数名词和 some/any 再也不混,many/much 用对。

预计时间:1 周。

前后衔接:上接 Unit 3 日常作息,下接 Unit 5 购物——"食物"是 KET 听力 Part 1(选图)和口语 Part 2(看图讨论)的高频场景。

本单元思维导图 · 从餐桌到语法

食物单元 = 词族 + 可数不可数 + 点餐句型。课文带你逛一趟"厨房和餐厅",词汇按"三餐/食材/饮品/口味"分组,语法攻克英语最特殊的"数名词"系统。

第1章 课文
厨房午餐
→
第2章 词汇
食物词族
→
第3章 语法
可数不可数
→
第4章 句型
点餐表达
读法:课文三遍 → 词族分组背 → 可数不可数动手造句 → 点餐对话 → 自测。每章旁绿色"一键作业"可单独出题。
01

主题课文 · 厨房里的午餐

Lunch in the Kitchen
原创课文,场景:Emily 和奶奶做午饭 + 点外卖的小插曲。里面故意把可数/不可数、some/any、many/much 全用了一遍——第 3 章逐个拆。

课文 · Grandma's Famous Lunch

On Saturday, my grandma cooks lunch for us. She makes a big salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuce. She also makes some chicken soup. I usually eat lots of rice, but today I want more salad. My grandma asks: "Do you want any fruit?" "Yes, please. Is there any watermelon?" I say. She cuts some watermelon and we eat it in the garden. In the evening, we order pizza for dinner. There are many different toppings on it: cheese, mushrooms, pepperoni and olives. My brother eats four slices! I drink some orange juice with my pizza. I love pizza, but I don't eat it very often — my mum says too much fast food isn't good for you. She's right. We usually eat healthy food at home: fish, vegetables, rice and soup.
星期六,奶奶给我们做午饭。她做了一大份沙拉,里面有西红柿、黄瓜和生菜。她还做了些鸡汤。我通常吃很多米饭,但今天我想要更多沙拉。奶奶问:"你想吃水果吗?""想,有西瓜吗?"我说。她切了些西瓜,我们在花园里吃。晚上我们点披萨当晚餐。披萨上有许多不同的配料:芝士、蘑菇、意大利辣香肠和橄榄。我哥哥吃了四片!我喝了些橙汁配披萨。我爱披萨,但我不经常吃——妈妈说太多快餐对身体不好。她是对的。我们在家通常吃健康的食物:鱼、蔬菜、米饭和汤。
本课核心词:cook, salad, tomato, cucumber, lettuce, chicken, soup, rice, fruit, watermelon, pizza, topping, cheese, mushroom, olive, slice, juice, fast food, healthy, fish

课文精讲 · 数名词的"地雷区"

论英语为什么要把名词分成"能数"和"不能数"

中文不用分:"饭"能数吗?中文说"一碗饭",靠量词"碗"。英语说 rice,直接不能加 s——你不能说 rices,不能说 a rice,只能说 some rice(一些米饭)或 a bowl of rice(一碗米饭)。

分三组记:① 可数(能一个个数):tomato, egg, apple, pizza;② 不可数(数不了):rice, soup, water, juice, cheese, bread;③ 看情况(既可数也可不可数):chicken(鸡肉不可数 / 一只鸡可数)、coffee(一杯咖啡可数 / 咖啡这种饮料不可数)。

为什么是考点:KET 完形填空 Part 4 专考 a/an、some、any 的搭配——后面接的词是可数单数、可数复数还是不可数,直接决定选哪个。

记
这一章要记住的 5 个搭配

① a bowl of rice 一碗米饭(不可数 + 量词)

② a slice of pizza 一片披萨(slice 切出来的片)

③ too much fast food 太多快餐(much + 不可数)

④ healthy food 健康食品(healthy ≠ health)

⑤ order pizza 点披萨(order 点餐)

02

词汇延展 · 食物词族(核心词族深化)(搭配与表达深化)

Food Vocabulary
食物词族按"三餐 / 蔬果 / 饮品 / 口味与动作"四组背。每组都有可数和不可数,背的时候顺手标一下(C=可数 / U=不可数),比背单词表高效得多。

四组词族 · 三餐、食材、饮品、口味

食物词族(C=可数 U=不可数)
组核心词备注
三餐breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, mealhave breakfast(不加 a)
蔬果apple(C), banana(C), orange(C), tomato(C), potato(C), carrot(C), cucumber(C), lettuce(U), onion(C), watermelon(C)蔬菜水果大多可数
主食肉类rice(U), bread(U), pasta(U), chicken(U), beef(U), fish(U), ham(U), sausage(C), egg(C)肉类基本不可数(注意例外)
饮品water(U), juice(U), milk(U), tea(U), coffee(U), lemonade(U)"一杯"用 a glass/cup of
口味与动作delicious, sweet, salty, spicy, fresh, hungry, thirsty, cook, order, tastetaste(尝起来)是系动词
高频陷阱

① fruit 是"水果"总称不可数,但 fruits 指"各种水果":I like fruit(我喜欢水果)。想数就用 a piece of fruit 或具体名词 an apple。

② chicken 双身份:鸡肉不可数(We eat chicken)、一只鸡可数(We have three chickens)。KET 完形最爱出这种"一词两性"。

③ thirsty 和 hungry 是形容词不是名词:I'm hungry(我饿了)——不能说 I hungry。它们都是"be + 形容词"结构。

03

语法延展 · 可数/不可数 + some/any + many/much(可参看「可数与不可数名词」深化页)

Countable & Uncountable
这是英语和中文差别最大的一块语法:中文不用管名词能不能数,英语必须管。管住三件事:名词分组、some/any 选择、many/much 搭配。

some / any · 确定和不确定(可参看「some/any/many/much」深化页)

some / any 用法
情况someany
肯定句I want some water.—
否定句—I don't want any juice.
疑问句(邀请/请求)Would you like some tea?(希望对方说 yes)Do you have any fruit?(中性询问)

论一句话记住:肯定句用 some,否定和一般疑问用 any,但"邀请/请求"的疑问句用 some

为什么邀请用 some:服务员问 "Would you like some water?" 是希望你接受;问 "Do you have any water?" 是单纯打听有没有。some 带着"好意",any 带着"疑问"。

考试怎么考:Reading Part 4 完形:"I'd like ___ tea, please." 填 some(请求);"There isn't ___ milk left." 填 any(否定)。

many / much / a lot of · 多少怎么数

多少的量词
词跟什么例句
many可数复数How many apples do we need? There are too many chairs.
much不可数How much rice is there? I don't eat much sugar.
a lot of / lots of两者都行I eat a lot of fruit and lots of vegetables.
必背顺口溜

many 配可数,much 配不可数,a lot of 通吃。还有一对:How many + 复数(问数量)、How much + 不可数(问数量),但 How much 单独用 = 问价格(How much is it? 多少钱)。KET 听力 Part 4 填"几瓶水/多少钱"就靠这两个。

情景操练

即学即用

练习1(选词):① I'd like ___ (some/any) water, please. ② There isn't ___ (some/any) milk. ③ How ___ (many/much) eggs do we need? ④ How ___ (many/much) sugar do you put in your tea?

练习2(判断可数/不可数):把下面词分成两组:tomato, rice, juice, egg, bread, banana, cheese, apple

练习3(改错):① I eat many bread. ② There are some water in the glass. ③ Do you want any coffee?(判断对错)

练习4(写购物清单):写 6 项购物清单(2 个可数 + 2 个不可数 + 2 个 a lot of)。

查看参考答案
  • 练习1:① some(请求) ② any(否定) ③ many(eggs 可数) ④ much(sugar 不可数)
  • 练习2:可数:tomato, egg, banana, apple;不可数:rice, juice, bread, cheese
  • 练习3:① I eat a lot of bread(bread 不可数,用 much/a lot of,不用 many) ② There is some water(water 不可数用 is) ③ 对(中性疑问用 any)
  • 练习4(示范):two apples, three eggs, some rice, some milk, a lot of vegetables, a lot of fruit
04

功能句型 · 点餐与表达喜好

Ordering Food
点餐是 KET 口语 Part 2(看图讨论)和听力 Part 1 的超高频场景。三套模板:点餐、表达喜好、服务员回应。

三套句型模板

点餐
I'd like some..., please. / Can I have...? / Could I order...?
— I'd like a cheese pizza and some orange juice, please.
我想要一些…/我能要…吗?/我可以点…吗?——我想要一个芝士披萨和一杯橙汁。
考点:I'd like(我想要,最礼貌)比 I want 更得体;some + 不可数、a + 可数单数。
表达喜好
I love / like / enjoy + 食物
I don't like / I hate + 食物
My favourite food is...
我喜爱/喜欢…/我不喜欢/讨厌…/我最喜欢的食物是…
考点:like/love/hate + 名词直接跟(I love pizza),不需要 to;favourite 前面用 my,后面用 is。
服务员回应
Would you like anything to drink? / Is that for here or to go? / Enjoy your meal!
要喝点什么吗?/在这儿吃还是带走?/用餐愉快!
考点:for here or to go(堂食还是打包)是听力必考句;听到时注意关键词 here/take away。

场景对话 · 餐厅实战

Waiter: Are you ready to order?
Tom: Yes, please. I'd like a chicken burger and some fries.
Waiter: Would you like anything to drink?
Tom: Some lemonade, please. And my friend wants a salad and a glass of water.
Waiter: Is that for here or to go?
Tom: For here, please.
Waiter: OK. That's twelve pounds fifty.
Tom: Here you are.
Waiter: Thanks. Enjoy your meal!
服务员:可以点餐了吗?/Tom:可以。我要一个鸡肉汉堡和一些薯条。/服务员:要喝点什么吗?/Tom:来杯柠檬水吧。我朋友要一份沙拉和一杯水。/服务员:在这儿吃还是带走?/Tom:在这儿吃。/服务员:好的,一共 12 英镑 50 便士。/Tom:给你。/服务员:谢谢,用餐愉快!
得分点:① I'd like + some/a 搭配全对;② a glass of water 量词用法;③ 价格表达 twelve pounds fifty;④ 全对话没有一句漏掉"礼貌词"(please/thanks)。
05

KET 考点 · 食物主题怎么考 + 自测

Exam Focus
食物主题覆盖 KET 全部四张卷:听力选图(Part 1)、点餐对话(Part 3)、完形(Part 4/5)、口语看图讨论(Part 2)。

考点分布表

食物主题考点
卷子题型示例应对策略
Reading Part 4完形:some/any、a/an、量词先判断横线后名词可数/不可数
Reading Part 5填词:many/much、量词many+复数、much+不可数
Listening Part 1听对话选图(吃的/喝的)听到食物词直接圈图,注意否定(not/never)
Listening Part 4填菜单/购物单(数量、价格)数字 + 可数/不可数量词一起记
Speaking Part 2看图讨论:"What are the people eating?"用 there is/are + 食物词描述图片

本单元自测 · 8 题

KET 食物主题自测

1(选择):Would you like ___ tea? A. some B. any C. many

2(填空):How ___ apples are there in the basket?

3(易混):I don't eat ___ sugar. A. many B. much C. a lot

4(改错):There are some bread on the table.

5(阅读判断):"I don't eat pizza very often because it isn't healthy." —— The writer thinks pizza is unhealthy. A. True B. False C. Not given

6(听力):听到 "I'd like two slices of pizza and a glass of orange juice." —— 一共点了什么?

7(写作):写 2 句你最喜欢的食物 + 理由(用 like/love + 可数不可数各一句)。

8(口语):描述一张"野餐"图片:至少 3 句(有…/还有…/他们在…)。

查看参考答案
  • 1:A(邀请用 some)
  • 2:many(apples 可数复数)
  • 3:B(sugar 不可数用 much)
  • 4:There is some bread on the table(bread 不可数用 is)
  • 5:A(不常吃 + 不健康 = 认为披萨不健康)
  • 6:两片披萨 + 一杯橙汁
  • 7(示范):I love ice cream because it's sweet and cold. My favourite fruit is watermelon, and I usually eat lots of it in summer.
  • 8(示范):There are some sandwiches on the blanket. There is also a bottle of juice. Two children are eating fruit under a tree.
自评:错 2 题以上,回第 2、3 章重读词族和 some/any 表。

在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方

📚 剑桥官方免费资源(本课程只链接、不复制正文)

点进官方考试页可下载免费样题;本课程课文为同主题原创内容,知识点与官方大纲对齐。