这个单元有 5 章:主题课文"厨房里的午餐"、词汇延展(食物词族)、语法延展(可数/不可数 + some/any + many/much)、功能句型(点餐与表达喜好)、KET 考点与自测。
学完你能:用 100+ 食物词汇点餐、聊口味、写购物清单;可数/不可数名词和 some/any 再也不混,many/much 用对。
预计时间:1 周。
前后衔接:上接 Unit 3 日常作息,下接 Unit 5 购物——"食物"是 KET 听力 Part 1(选图)和口语 Part 2(看图讨论)的高频场景。
食物单元 = 词族 + 可数不可数 + 点餐句型。课文带你逛一趟"厨房和餐厅",词汇按"三餐/食材/饮品/口味"分组,语法攻克英语最特殊的"数名词"系统。
主题课文 · 厨房里的午餐
课文 · Grandma's Famous Lunch
课文精讲 · 数名词的"地雷区"
论英语为什么要把名词分成"能数"和"不能数"
中文不用分:"饭"能数吗?中文说"一碗饭",靠量词"碗"。英语说 rice,直接不能加 s——你不能说 rices,不能说 a rice,只能说 some rice(一些米饭)或 a bowl of rice(一碗米饭)。
分三组记:① 可数(能一个个数):tomato, egg, apple, pizza;② 不可数(数不了):rice, soup, water, juice, cheese, bread;③ 看情况(既可数也可不可数):chicken(鸡肉不可数 / 一只鸡可数)、coffee(一杯咖啡可数 / 咖啡这种饮料不可数)。
为什么是考点:KET 完形填空 Part 4 专考 a/an、some、any 的搭配——后面接的词是可数单数、可数复数还是不可数,直接决定选哪个。
① a bowl of rice 一碗米饭(不可数 + 量词)
② a slice of pizza 一片披萨(slice 切出来的片)
③ too much fast food 太多快餐(much + 不可数)
④ healthy food 健康食品(healthy ≠ health)
⑤ order pizza 点披萨(order 点餐)
四组词族 · 三餐、食材、饮品、口味
| 组 | 核心词 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 三餐 | breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, meal | have breakfast(不加 a) |
| 蔬果 | apple(C), banana(C), orange(C), tomato(C), potato(C), carrot(C), cucumber(C), lettuce(U), onion(C), watermelon(C) | 蔬菜水果大多可数 |
| 主食肉类 | rice(U), bread(U), pasta(U), chicken(U), beef(U), fish(U), ham(U), sausage(C), egg(C) | 肉类基本不可数(注意例外) |
| 饮品 | water(U), juice(U), milk(U), tea(U), coffee(U), lemonade(U) | "一杯"用 a glass/cup of |
| 口味与动作 | delicious, sweet, salty, spicy, fresh, hungry, thirsty, cook, order, taste | taste(尝起来)是系动词 |
① fruit 是"水果"总称不可数,但 fruits 指"各种水果":I like fruit(我喜欢水果)。想数就用 a piece of fruit 或具体名词 an apple。
② chicken 双身份:鸡肉不可数(We eat chicken)、一只鸡可数(We have three chickens)。KET 完形最爱出这种"一词两性"。
③ thirsty 和 hungry 是形容词不是名词:I'm hungry(我饿了)——不能说 I hungry。它们都是"be + 形容词"结构。
语法延展 · 可数/不可数 + some/any + many/much(可参看「可数与不可数名词」深化页)
some / any · 确定和不确定(可参看「some/any/many/much」深化页)
| 情况 | some | any |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | I want some water. | — |
| 否定句 | — | I don't want any juice. |
| 疑问句(邀请/请求) | Would you like some tea?(希望对方说 yes) | Do you have any fruit?(中性询问) |
论一句话记住:肯定句用 some,否定和一般疑问用 any,但"邀请/请求"的疑问句用 some
为什么邀请用 some:服务员问 "Would you like some water?" 是希望你接受;问 "Do you have any water?" 是单纯打听有没有。some 带着"好意",any 带着"疑问"。
考试怎么考:Reading Part 4 完形:"I'd like ___ tea, please." 填 some(请求);"There isn't ___ milk left." 填 any(否定)。
many / much / a lot of · 多少怎么数
| 词 | 跟什么 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| many | 可数复数 | How many apples do we need? There are too many chairs. |
| much | 不可数 | How much rice is there? I don't eat much sugar. |
| a lot of / lots of | 两者都行 | I eat a lot of fruit and lots of vegetables. |
many 配可数,much 配不可数,a lot of 通吃。还有一对:How many + 复数(问数量)、How much + 不可数(问数量),但 How much 单独用 = 问价格(How much is it? 多少钱)。KET 听力 Part 4 填"几瓶水/多少钱"就靠这两个。
情景操练
即学即用
练习1(选词):① I'd like ___ (some/any) water, please. ② There isn't ___ (some/any) milk. ③ How ___ (many/much) eggs do we need? ④ How ___ (many/much) sugar do you put in your tea?
练习2(判断可数/不可数):把下面词分成两组:tomato, rice, juice, egg, bread, banana, cheese, apple
练习3(改错):① I eat many bread. ② There are some water in the glass. ③ Do you want any coffee?(判断对错)
练习4(写购物清单):写 6 项购物清单(2 个可数 + 2 个不可数 + 2 个 a lot of)。
查看参考答案
- 练习1:① some(请求) ② any(否定) ③ many(eggs 可数) ④ much(sugar 不可数)
- 练习2:可数:tomato, egg, banana, apple;不可数:rice, juice, bread, cheese
- 练习3:① I eat a lot of bread(bread 不可数,用 much/a lot of,不用 many) ② There is some water(water 不可数用 is) ③ 对(中性疑问用 any)
- 练习4(示范):two apples, three eggs, some rice, some milk, a lot of vegetables, a lot of fruit
功能句型 · 点餐与表达喜好
三套句型模板
I'd like some..., please. / Can I have...? / Could I order...?
— I'd like a cheese pizza and some orange juice, please.
I love / like / enjoy + 食物
I don't like / I hate + 食物
My favourite food is...
Would you like anything to drink? / Is that for here or to go? / Enjoy your meal!
场景对话 · 餐厅实战
Tom: Yes, please. I'd like a chicken burger and some fries.
Waiter: Would you like anything to drink?
Tom: Some lemonade, please. And my friend wants a salad and a glass of water.
Waiter: Is that for here or to go?
Tom: For here, please.
Waiter: OK. That's twelve pounds fifty.
Tom: Here you are.
Waiter: Thanks. Enjoy your meal!
KET 考点 · 食物主题怎么考 + 自测
考点分布表
| 卷子 | 题型示例 | 应对策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Reading Part 4 | 完形:some/any、a/an、量词 | 先判断横线后名词可数/不可数 |
| Reading Part 5 | 填词:many/much、量词 | many+复数、much+不可数 |
| Listening Part 1 | 听对话选图(吃的/喝的) | 听到食物词直接圈图,注意否定(not/never) |
| Listening Part 4 | 填菜单/购物单(数量、价格) | 数字 + 可数/不可数量词一起记 |
| Speaking Part 2 | 看图讨论:"What are the people eating?" | 用 there is/are + 食物词描述图片 |
本单元自测 · 8 题
KET 食物主题自测
1(选择):Would you like ___ tea? A. some B. any C. many
2(填空):How ___ apples are there in the basket?
3(易混):I don't eat ___ sugar. A. many B. much C. a lot
4(改错):There are some bread on the table.
5(阅读判断):"I don't eat pizza very often because it isn't healthy." —— The writer thinks pizza is unhealthy. A. True B. False C. Not given
6(听力):听到 "I'd like two slices of pizza and a glass of orange juice." —— 一共点了什么?
7(写作):写 2 句你最喜欢的食物 + 理由(用 like/love + 可数不可数各一句)。
8(口语):描述一张"野餐"图片:至少 3 句(有…/还有…/他们在…)。
查看参考答案
- 1:A(邀请用 some)
- 2:many(apples 可数复数)
- 3:B(sugar 不可数用 much)
- 4:There is some bread on the table(bread 不可数用 is)
- 5:A(不常吃 + 不健康 = 认为披萨不健康)
- 6:两片披萨 + 一杯橙汁
- 7(示范):I love ice cream because it's sweet and cold. My favourite fruit is watermelon, and I usually eat lots of it in summer.
- 8(示范):There are some sandwiches on the blanket. There is also a bottle of juice. Two children are eating fruit under a tree.
在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方
点进官方考试页可下载免费样题;本课程课文为同主题原创内容,知识点与官方大纲对齐。