KET Unit 5 · 购物与金钱

Last Saturday, my mum and I went to the city centre. I needed a new school jacket because my old one was too small. We went into a big clothes shop. A shop assistant came and asked, "Can I help you?" "Yes, I'm looking for a jacket," I said. She showed me two jackets: a blue one and a black one. The blue one was nicer, but it was more expensive. It cost forty-five pounds. The black one was cheaper — only twenty-five pounds. I tried on both. The blue one fitted perfectly, so I chose it. At the till, I paid with my pocket money. My mum was surprised because I usually save all my money! On the way home, we bought some ice cream and had a great time.

上周六，我和妈妈去了市中心。我需要一件新校服外套，因为我的旧外套太小了。我们进了一家大服装店。一位店员走过来问："需要帮忙吗？""是的，我在找一件外套，"我说。她给我看了两件外套：一件蓝色的，一件黑色的。蓝色那件更好看，但也更贵，要 45 英镑。黑色那件更便宜——只要 25 英镑。两件我都试穿了。蓝色那件非常合身，所以我选了它。在收银台，我用零花钱付了款。妈妈很惊讶，因为我通常都把零花钱存起来！回家路上，我们买了些冰淇淋，度过了愉快的时光。

本课核心词：went, needed, old, shop assistant, look for, show, nicer, more expensive, cost, cheaper, try on, fit, choose, till, pay, pocket money, save

课文精讲 · 过去式是"昨天的事"

论一般过去时 = 时间轴上的"已完成"

找规律：went（go 去）、needed（need 需要）、came（come 来）、asked（ask 问）、said（say 说）、showed（show 给…看）、cost（cost 花费）、tried（try 试）、chose（choose 选择）、paid（pay 付款）、bought（buy 买）、had（have 有）——规则动词加 -ed（needed/asked/showed），不规则动词单独记（go→went, buy→bought, choose→chose）。

时间标志词：last Saturday（上周六）、yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前）——看到这些词，动词必须用过去式。KET 完形填空 Part 5 最爱考"时态标志词 + 动词变形"。

为什么这样学：把课文读熟，不规则动词表就自动记下一半。剩下的用"口诀"记：go-went-gone、buy-bought-bought、cost-cost-cost。

记

这一章要记住的 5 个搭配

① look for 寻找（≠ find 找到——look for 是过程，find 是结果）

② try on 试穿（衣服鞋帽）

③ It costs... 它花费（cost 过去式还是 cost）

④ pay for 为…付款（pay + 金额 + for + 商品）

⑤ pocket money 零花钱（英式常用）

词汇延展 · 购物与金钱词族（核心词族深化）（搭配与表达深化）

Shopping Vocabulary

购物词族按"商店/商品/付款/购物动作"四组背。注意：价格读法（£45.50 = forty-five pounds fifty）是 KET 听力必考。

四组词族 · 商店、商品、付款、动作

购物词族（KET 高频）
组	核心词	备注
商店	shop, supermarket, market, bookshop, clothes shop, shoe shop, chemist's, shopping centre	chemist's（药店）；at the supermarket
商品	clothes, jacket, shoes, dress, T-shirt, jeans, trainers, size, colour	a pair of jeans（一条牛仔裤）
付款	money, price, cost, cheap, expensive, pay, till, change, pocket money	change（找零）不是"改变"
购物动作	buy, sell, spend, save, look for, try on, choose, return, order, shopping list	spend money on（花钱买）

高频陷阱

① price 和 cost：price 是"价格"（The price is high），cost 是"花费"（It costs £20）。问价用 How much is it?，不说 How many price。

② cheap / expensive 是形容词，不是"便宜/贵"的动词：可以说 It's cheap，不能说 It cheap。

③ change 双身份：change 作名词 = 找零（Here's your change）；作动词 = 改变。KET 听力"收银找零"场景必考。

语法延展 · 一般过去时与比较级

Past Simple & Comparatives

这个单元两大语法：一般过去时（说昨天发生的事）+ 比较级（说哪个更好）。都是 KET 写作和口语的高频考点。

一般过去时 · 规则与不规则（可参看「一般过去时」深化页）

一般过去时变形
类型	规则	例子
规则动词	直接加 -ed	need → needed, ask → asked
辅音+y	变 ies 为 ied	try → tried, study → studied
重读闭音节	双写尾字母加 -ed	stop → stopped, plan → planned
不规则动词	单独记（约 50 个高频）	go→went, buy→bought, pay→paid, cost→cost
否定/疑问	didn't + 原形 / Did + 原形	I didn't buy it. Did you pay?

论否定和疑问里动词"退回原形"

核心规则：did 已经扛起了"过去"的责任，后面的动词就变回原形——I didn't go（不是 didn't went）、Did you buy it?（不是 Did you bought）。

中国考生最常错：把 went 和 didn't 放一起（I didn't went）。记一句话：did 一出现，动词就穿回"便服"（原形）。

考试怎么考：Reading Part 5 给 "Last week, I ___ (buy) a new phone." 填 bought；给 "She ___ (not buy) anything yesterday." 填 didn't buy。

比较级 · 谁更……（可参看「比较级与最高级」深化页）

比较级三规则
形容词	比较级	例子
短词（1-2 音节）	加 -er	cheap → cheaper, nice → nicer, big → bigger
长词	前面加 more	expensive → more expensive, interesting → more interesting
不规则	单独记	good → better, bad → worse, many/much → more

比较级陷阱

① than 不能丢：比较级句子必须有 than（比）——The blue one is nicer than the black one。KET 写作漏 than 扣分。

② 不要双重比较：不能说 more cheaper（更更便宜）——cheaper 本身就够了。

③ 最高级用 the + -est / the most：the cheapest（最便宜）、the most expensive（最贵）。"最"前面必须有 the。

情景操练

即学即用

练习1（过去式变形）：写出过去式：buy ___ / pay ___ / try ___ / go ___ / choose ___ / cost ___

练习2（填空）：① Yesterday I ___ (buy) a new T-shirt.　② She ___ (not pay) for the drink.　③ ___ you ___ (try) on the jacket?

练习3（比较级）：① This shop is ___ (cheap) than that one.　② The red dress is ___ (expensive) than the blue one.　③ My phone is ___ (good) than yours.

练习4（写自己的话）：用 3 句说上周买过的东西：一句过去式 + 一句比较级 + 一句价格。

查看参考答案

练习1：bought / paid / tried / went / chose / cost
练习2：① bought　② didn't pay（did 后原形）　③ Did, try
练习3：① cheaper　② more expensive　③ better（不规则）
练习4（示范）：Last week I bought a new school bag. It was cheaper than my old one. It cost twenty pounds.

功能句型 · 购物对话全流程

Shopping Talk

购物对话是 KET 听力 Part 3 和口语 Part 2 的常客。三套模板：问价、试穿、付款退货。

三套句型模板

问价与选购
How much is this? / How much does it cost?
I'm looking for a... / Do you have this in a larger size?

这个多少钱？／我在找一件…／这个有大一号的吗？

考点：How much + is/does it cost；in a larger size（更大码）是听力高频短语。

试穿与决定
Can I try it on? / Where are the fitting rooms?
It fits perfectly. / It's too big. / I'll take it.

我可以试穿吗？／试衣间在哪？／非常合身。／太大了。／我要了。

考点：try on + fitting rooms（试衣间）；I'll take it（我买了）是 KET 购物听力必会句。

付款与售后
That's £25, please. Here's your change.
Can I pay by card? / I'd like to return this.

25 英镑，谢谢。这是找零。／我能刷卡吗？／我想退货。

考点：pay by card（刷卡）；return（退货）——听力 Part 3 常考"顾客想退货的原因"。

场景对话 · 收银台实战

Assistant: That's twenty-five pounds, please.
Tom: Here you are. Can I pay by card?
Assistant: Of course. Just put your card here... OK, that's done. Here's your receipt.
Tom: Thanks. Oh, can I change this for a larger size?
Assistant: Yes, no problem. Do you have the receipt?
Tom: Yes, here it is.
Assistant: Great. The larger size is in the back. One moment, please.

店员：25 英镑，谢谢。／Tom：给你。我能刷卡吗？／店员：当然。把卡放在这里……好了。这是您的收据。／Tom：谢谢。哦，能帮我换个大一号的吗？／店员：可以，没问题。您有收据吗？／Tom：有，在这儿。／店员：好的。大一号的在后面，请稍等。

得分点：① 全程礼貌用语（please/thanks）；② change（换货）和 receipt（收据）两个词听力必考；③ Can I...? 问句比 I want 更得体。

KET 考点 · 购物主题怎么考 + 自测

Exam Focus

购物 + 金钱 = 数字 + 价格 + 过去式，KET 听力分值最高的组合之一。

考点分布表

购物主题考点
卷子	题型示例	应对策略
Reading Part 5	完形：过去式变形、比较级	看时间标志词选时态
Listening Part 3	购物对话："What did the woman buy?"	记价格数字 + 商品词，注意否定
Listening Part 4	填购物单/金额	£ 读法：five pounds fifty
Writing Part 6	便条："Buy two eggs and some milk."	购物清单 + 数量词（a box of, two bottles of）
Speaking Part 2	看图讨论商店/市场	用 there is/are + 商品词描述

本单元自测 · 8 题

KET 购物主题自测

1（填空）：Yesterday I ___ (go) to the supermarket.

2（选择）：This jacket is ___ than that one. A. cheap　B. cheaper　C. cheapest

3（易混）：I'm ___ a new phone. A. looking for　B. looking at　C. looking after

4（改错）：Last week I didn't went to the market.

5（阅读判断）："The blue jacket cost forty-five pounds, but the black one was only twenty-five." —— The black jacket was cheaper. A. True　B. False　C. Not given

6（听力）：听到 "That's twelve pounds fifty, please." —— 一共多少钱？

7（写作）：写一张便条给妈妈：你买了牛奶和面包，花了多少钱，放在哪。

8（口语）：用比较级说两个商店/两个商品哪个更好，至少 2 句。

查看参考答案

1：went（不规则过去式）
2：B（比较级 + than）
3：A（look for 寻找；look at 看；look after 照顾）
4：Last week I didn't go to the market（did 后原形）
5：A（25 < 45，黑色更便宜）
6：£12.50（twelve pounds fifty）
7（示范）：Mum, I bought some milk and bread. They cost five pounds. I put them in the fridge. Love, Tom
8（示范）：The market is cheaper than the supermarket, but the supermarket is more convenient. I usually shop at the market.

自评：错 2 题以上，回第 2、3 章重读词族和过去式表。

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