中文里"饭""水""面包"都能说"一碗饭、一杯水、一个面包",靠量词;英语里 rice / water / bread 这些词本身不能加 s、不能直接数。这一课把名词分成可数、不可数两组,再教你用量词 a piece of / a glass of / a bottle of 把不可数名词"装起来",最后初识 some/any。
第一课的小目标学完这一课,你要能做到三件事:① 看到 rice/water/bread/apple 立刻说出可数还是不可数;② 正确写出 tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes 等不规则复数;③ 用 a glass of / a piece of 表达"一杯水、一片面包",写对购物清单。
中文靠量词:"一碗饭、一杯水、一片面包"。英语里不可数名词不能加 s,也不能直接加 a/an,要表达数量就得"装进容器":a glass of water(一杯水)、a piece of bread(一片面包)。所以不可数名词本身没复数,量词(glass/piece/bowl)才变复数:two glasses of water。
为什么它是 KET 第一语法坑英语和中文在"名词数"上差别最大。KET 完形 Part 4/5 专考:后面接可数单数、复数还是不可数,直接决定填 a/an、some 还是量词。点餐、购物单、看图写话全靠它。
④ 完整体系全表:复数规则 + 不可数词族 + 量词
可数名词复数变化规则
规则
单数
复数
KET 考查
一般 +s
apple, egg, orange
apples, eggs, oranges
高频
s/x/ch/sh 结尾 +es
bus, box, watch
buses, boxes, watches
高频
辅音 + y → ies
baby, city
babies, cities
中频
o 结尾有生命 +es
tomato, potato
tomatoes, potatoes
高频(食物主题)
f/fe → ves
knife, leaf
knives, leaves
中频
不规则(必背)
man, woman, child, foot, tooth
men, women, children, feet, teeth
高频
食物主题不可数词族(Unit 4 必背)
类别
不可数名词
常用量词
主食
rice 米饭, bread 面包, pasta 意面
a bowl of rice, a piece of bread
肉类
chicken 鸡肉, beef 牛肉, fish 鱼肉
a piece of chicken, some fish
饮品
water 水, milk 牛奶, juice 果汁, tea, coffee
a glass of water, a cup of tea, a bottle of milk
其他
cheese 芝士, soup 汤, sugar 糖, fruit 水果总称
a piece of cheese, a bowl of soup
量词套装(把不可数名词"数出来")
量词
用于
例句
a piece of
面包/芝士/蛋糕/纸(薄片块)
a piece of bread 一片面包
a glass of
玻璃杯装的饮品(水/果汁)
a glass of orange juice 一杯橙汁
a cup of
杯装热饮(茶/咖啡)
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a bottle of
瓶装(牛奶/水/果汁)
a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
a bowl of
碗装(米饭/汤)
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a slice of
切出来的薄片(披萨/面包)
a slice of pizza 一片披萨
一词两性与特殊词(KET 完形爱考)
词
不可数时
可数时
chicken
鸡肉:We eat chicken.
小鸡:three chickens on the farm
fish
鱼肉:I like fish.
鱼(条数,单复同形):two fish
coffee / tea
咖啡/茶这种饮料:I drink coffee.
一杯:two coffees = 两杯咖啡
fruit
水果总称:I like fruit.
各种水果:fresh fruits(KET 少考)
hair
头发总称:long hair
几根头发:a few hairs
背食物词时顺手标 C/U背 Unit 4 词族时,每个词旁边写 C(可数)或 U(不可数):apple C、tomato C、rice U、bread U、milk U。考试时先反应出 C/U,再决定加不加 s、用 many 还是 much。
购物单上最常出现的量词(背这 6 个就够)
量词短语
中文
例句
a loaf of bread
一条面包
We need a loaf of bread.
a bar of chocolate
一条巧克力
Would you like a bar of chocolate?
a bag of apples
一袋苹果
Mum buys a bag of apples.
a bottle of water
一瓶水
Two bottles of water, please.
a carton of milk
一盒牛奶
I drink a carton of milk a day.
a kilo of rice
一公斤大米
We buy a kilo of rice every week.
三个必背细节
① 量词才变复数:two glasses of milk(两杯牛奶),glass 加 es,milk 永远不变。
② chicken 一词两性:鸡肉不可数(We eat chicken);一只鸡可数(three chickens)。KET 完形最爱考。
③ fruit 是"水果总称"不可数:I like fruit;想说"各种水果"才用 fruits,或直接说 an apple。
⑤ 用法场景全解(配图记忆)
场景
例句
记忆点
1 可数复数
I buy three tomatoes and two eggs.
o 结尾有生命加 es
2 不可数不加 s
We eat rice every day.
不能说 rices / a rice
3 量词表数量
Can I have a glass of water?
点餐高频
4 量词复数
She drinks two glasses of milk.
glass→glasses,milk 不变
5 some + 不可数
There is some bread on the table.
不可数配 is / some
6 点餐用语
I'd like a slice of pizza, please.
Unit 4 口语必背
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1:不可数名词乱加 s ✗ I eat two rices and three breads. → ✓ I eat a bowl of rice and two pieces of bread. 口诀:rice/bread/water 永远不加 s,要数就用量词。
错误 2:不可数名词前加 a/an ✗ Can I have a water? → ✓ Can I have a glass of water?(或 some water) water 前不能直接 a,必须装杯。
错误 3:tomato/potato 复数写成 tomatos ✗ three tomatos → ✓ three tomatoes. 有生命的 o 结尾加 es:tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes。
错误 4:量词忘记变复数 ✗ two glass of milk → ✓ two glasses of milk. 数超过一,glass 变 glasses;milk 不变。
错误 5:不可数名词配 are ✗ There are some bread on the table. → ✓ There is some bread on the table. bread 不可数,be 动词用 is;some 不影响单复数。
⑦ KET 考点与真题演练
题型
怎么考
应对
Reading Part 4 完形
选 a/an/some/量词:"I'd like ___ bread."
先判断名词可不可数
Reading Part 5 填词
复数变形:"There are three ___ (tomato)."
回忆复数规则
Listening Part 1
听食物数量:"two glasses of orange juice"
抓量词 + 数字
Writing 购物单
列出要买的食物:2 apples, some rice
可数复数 + 不可数 some
Speaking 点餐
"I'd like a slice of pizza and a glass of water."
量词模板直接套
真题风格演练(KET 出题方式)
真题风格 · Part 4完形选择:I'm thirsty. Can I have ___ water, please? A. a B. some C. two
B. some。water 不可数,不能 a;two 后要可数复数。some water = 一些水。
真题风格 · Part 5用所给词适当形式填空:We need three ___ (tomato) and two ___ (bottle) of milk.
进阶 11改错:My little brother has two tooths now.(写复数)
two teeth。tooth → teeth 不规则复数。
挑战 12翻译:盘子里有一片披萨、两个鸡蛋和一些橙汁。
There is a slice of pizza, two eggs and some orange juice on the plate. there be 就近原则:a slice 单数 → is。
挑战 13写购物清单:6 项,2 个可数复数、2 个不可数(用 some)、2 个量词。
参考:two apples, three eggs; some rice, some cheese; a bottle of milk, a loaf/piece of bread.
挑战 14改错(4 处):I want two water and a bread. There is three tomatos on the table. I drink a milks every morning.
① two water → two glasses/bottles of water;② a bread → a piece of bread;③ is three tomatos → are three tomatoes;④ a milks → a glass of milk(milk 不可数)。
挑战 15综合口语:模拟餐厅点单,说 4 句话(要什么主食、喝什么、几人份、礼貌收尾)。
参考:Hello! I'd like a bowl of chicken soup and two slices of pizza. Can we have three glasses of water, please? Thank you very much.
⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀
① 能一个个数是可数,加 s 变复数;水米饭面包数不清,是不可数。
② 不可数要数就"装容器":a glass of 喝的,a bowl of 碗装,a piece of 薄片,a slice of 披萨。
③ 量词才变复数(two glasses),名词永不变(milk);there be 看最近的名词单复数。