FCE Unit 3 · 工作与学习

If I hadn't seen the advert, I would never have applied for the internship. At first, I thought that if I took the job, I would waste my summer. In fact, the opposite happened: if I finish this course, I will probably study business at university next year. My manager told me that if I worked hard, she would give me a reference. She also said that unless I asked questions, I wouldn't learn much — so I forced myself to speak up. Now, if I had the chance to do it again, I would change almost nothing. If you are a student who is hesitating about an internship, my advice is simple: apply. Unless you try, you will never know whether the job suits you. If I were you, I would send the application today.

如果我没看到那则广告，我绝不会申请这份实习。一开始我以为，要是接了这份工，我会浪费掉整个夏天。结果正好相反：如果我顺利读完这门课，明年我很可能去大学读商科。我的经理告诉我，如果我努力干，她会给我写推荐信。她还说，除非我主动提问，否则学不到什么——于是我逼自己开口。现在，如果能重来一次，我几乎什么都不想改。如果你是个还在犹豫要不要实习的学生，我的建议很简单：申请。除非你试，否则永远不知道这份工作适不适合你。如果我是你，我今天就把申请发出去。

本课核心词：internship, advert, apply, application, manager, reference, course, university, hesitate, suit, speak up, waste, force, chance

课文精讲 · 三种 if 一锅端

论课文里藏着哪几种条件句

第一条件句（真实，会发生）：If I finish this course, I will study business.（主将从现：if + 现在时，主句 will）

第二条件句（虚拟假设，与现在相反）：If I were you, I would send the application. / If I had the chance, I would change nothing.（if + 过去时，主句 would + 动词原形；be 统一用 were）

第三条件句（与过去相反，预告）：If I hadn't seen the advert, I would never have applied.（if + had done，主句 would have done）——课文开头这句就是第三条件句，本单元先"认识"，CAE 再精学。

升级点 — unless：unless = if not。Unless you try = If you don't try。B2 用 unless 替换 if...not，写作立刻地道。

考试怎么考：Use of English Part 4 常考 unless ↔ if...not 转换；Part 2 完形考 would / were。

记

这一章要记住的 5 个搭配

① apply for 申请（工作/课程）

② send an application 递交申请

③ give someone a reference 给某人写推荐信

④ speak up 大胆开口

⑤ unless you try 除非你尝试（= if you don't try）

词汇延展 · 求职与学习词族

Jobs & Study

求职话题在 B2 不能只说 job work；要会 internship、reference、promotion、deadline、qualification 这一串。Part 3 词形转换常考 employ→employee→employer→employment、qualify→qualification。

三组词族 · 求职、学业、职场动词

（可参看「工作学习词族」深化页）

工作学习词族（FCE 高频）
组	核心词	搭配/备注
求职流程	apply for, application, CV/resume, interview, candidate, offer, internship, reference, probation	go to an interview; turn down an offer
职场	promotion, salary, deadline, colleague, workload, overtime, career, retire, resign, earn	meet a deadline; get a promotion
学业	course, degree, diploma, qualification, lecture, seminar, assignment, deadline, tutor, graduate	graduate in 2027; hand in an assignment
词族转换	employ→employee/employer/employment; qualify→qualification; apply→application; compete→competition	Part 3 直接考

高频陷阱

① work vs job：work 不可数（go to work）；job 可数（a part-time job）。❌ I have a work。

② employer vs employee：employer = 雇主（老板）；employee = 雇员（员工）。-er 不一定是"做的人"，这里是反的。

③ rise vs raise：英式用 a pay rise；美式用 a raise。谈加薪用 pay rise。

④ apply to / apply for：apply for a job（申请职位）；apply to a company（向公司申请）。别混。

语法延展 · 条件句类型 1 & 2

Conditionals 1 & 2

条件句是 Essay 论证"假设后果"的骨架。B2 重点：第一条件句（真实）vs 第二条件句（虚拟）的时态区分、were 在虚拟中的用法、unless 替换 if...not、以及 if only 的感叹用法。第三条件句本单元只认识。

条件句类型全表

（可参看「条件句」深化页）

真实 vs 虚拟条件句
类型	结构	例句
类型 1（真实）	If + 现在时, will + 动词原形	If I finish the course, I will study business.（很可能发生）
类型 2（虚拟）	If + 过去时, would + 动词原形（be 用 were）	If I were you, I would send the application.（与现在事实相反）
类型 3（预告）	If + had done, would have done	If I hadn't seen the advert, I would have applied.（与过去相反）

unless / if only / wish

条件句家族扩展
结构	用法与例句
unless = if not	Unless you try, you won't know. = If you don't try, you won't know.
if only + 过去时	要是…就好了（感叹）：If only I knew the answer!
I wish + 过去时	但愿…（与现在相反）：I wish I were taller.
in case	以防：Take a map in case you get lost.

最高频陷阱

① 第二条件句 be 用 were：If I were you（正式），口语可说 If I was you，但考试写 were。

② if 从句不加 will：❌ If I will finish... → ✅ If I finish..., I will...（主将从现）。

③ unless 本身含否定：❌ Unless you don't try...（双重否定错）→ ✅ Unless you try...（= if you don't try）。

④ would 不放进 if 从句：❌ If I would know... → ✅ If I knew..., I would...。

考试怎么考：Part 4 关键词转换：I don't have time, so I can't help. → If I had time, I would help（2–5 词）。

情景操练

即学即用

练习1（填动词形式）：① If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we ___ (stay) home.　② If I ___ (be) you, I ___ (take) the job.　③ Unless you ___ (hurry), we ___ (miss) the bus.

练习2（unless 改写）：If you don't practise, you won't improve. → Unless ___.

练习3（改错）：① If I will have time, I would help.　② If I am you, I will apply.　③ Unless you don't try, you'll never know.

练习4（写自己的话）：用 If I were you, I would... 给犹豫实习的同学一句建议。

查看参考答案

练习1：① rains / will stay　② were / would take　③ hurry / will miss
练习2：Unless you practise, you won't improve.
练习3：① If I had time, I would help（第二条件）　② If I were you, I would apply　③ Unless you try（unless 已含否定，删 don't）
练习4（示范）：If I were you, I would send the application today — you have nothing to lose.

功能句型 · Essay 假设论证 + 口语 Part 3 谈职业

Arguing with Conditionals

FCE Essay 常考"远程办公好不好""大学生该不该实习"——这类题目必须用条件句论证正反后果。口语 Part 3 讨论"年轻人该不该先工作再上大学"。三套模板 + 考场对话。

三套句型模板

论证正面后果（第一条件）
If students do internships, they will gain valuable experience.
This means that when they graduate, they will be more employable.

如果学生做实习，他们会获得宝贵经验／这意味着毕业时他们更易就业。

考点：If...will... 给出真实后果；This means that... 承接论证链，Essay 主体段标配。

假设性反驳（第二条件）
If everyone worked from home, offices would disappear.
If I were a manager, I would worry about teamwork.

如果所有人都远程办公，办公室就会消失／如果我是经理，我会担心团队合作。

考点：If...would... 提出虚拟反方，体现思辨深度——B2 Essay 拿高分的关键。

给出建议（口语/信件）
If I were you, I would...
My advice would be to...
You had better / You ought to...

如果我是你，我会…／我的建议是…／你最好…

考点：If I were you, I would——口语 Part 3 给搭档建议的标准句。

场景对话 · 口语 Part 3 协作讨论

Examiner: Here are different paths young people can take after school. Talk together about the pros and cons of each.
Student A: Well, if they go straight to university, they will get a degree sooner. But they might not know what they want.
Student B: That's true. If they took a gap year, they would learn a lot about real life, wouldn't they?
Student A: Exactly. If I were eighteen again, I would probably work for a year first. What do you think about doing both — working and studying part-time?
Student B: That could be hard. If they worked 20 hours a week, their studies would suffer. Unless they are very organised, I wouldn't recommend it.
Student A: Shall we say a gap year is useful, but only if they plan it carefully?

考官：这是中学毕业后的几条路。你们一起讨论各自的利弊。／A：如果直接上大学，他们会更早拿到学位。但可能不知道自己想要什么。／B：对。如果他们间隔年一年，会从真实生活中学到很多，对吧？／A：没错。如果我重回十八岁，我大概会先工作一年。你觉得边工作边读兼课怎么样？／B：可能很难。如果每周工作 20 小时，学业会受影响。除非很有条理，否则我不推荐。／A：那我们就说间隔年有用，但前提是要认真规划？

得分点：① 三种条件句都用了（第一 If they go...will、第二 If they took...would、unless）；② B 主动附和并补充（That's true / Exactly）；③ 结尾用 Shall we say... 收口，完成协作。

FCE 考点 · 工作学习主题怎么考 + 自测

Exam Focus & Self-Test

工作学习主题在 Use of English Part 2 考 would/were、Part 3 考 employee/employment 词族、Part 4 考 if...not ↔ unless 转换、Writing Essay 考"实习/远程办公利弊"、Speaking Part 3 讨论升学路径。考点 + 8 题自测。

考点分布表

工作学习主题考点
卷子/部分	题型示例	应对策略
Reading & Use Part 2	开放式完形：填 would / unless / were	判断真实还是虚拟
Reading & Use Part 3	词形转换：employ→employee, qualify→qualification	记 -er/-ee 区别
Reading & Use Part 4	关键词转换：if...not ↔ unless；I don't...so I can't ↔ If I...I would	2–5 词，时态要对
Writing Part 1	Essay：实习/远程办公/升学利弊	正反都用条件句论证
Speaking Part 3	讨论毕业后路径	If I were you + 协作收口

本单元自测 · 8 题

工作学习自测

1（填空）：If I ___ (be) you, I would apply for the internship.

2（选择）：Unless you ___ harder, you won't get promoted. A. work　B. will work　C. worked

3（词形转换）：The ___ received a pay rise. (employ)

4（改错）：If I will have time, I help you with the CV.

5（易混）：I'm looking for a part-time ___. (work / job)

6（Part 4 转换）：I don't know her number, so I can't call her.（用 If I ___ 改写）

7（写作）：用 If students..., they will... 写一句 Essay 正面论证（话题：实习）。

8（口语）：用 If I were you, I would... 给想直接工作的同学提一条建议。

查看参考答案

1：were
2：A（unless + 现在时，主句 will）
3：employee（雇员涨薪；employer 是雇主）
4：If I have time, I will help you（第一条件，主将从现）
5：job（可数；work 不可数）
6：If I knew her number, I could/would call her.
7（示范）：If students do internships during their studies, they will gain valuable work experience.
8（示范）：If I were you, I would finish university first — a degree will open more doors later.

自评：错 2 题以上，回第 3 章重读"真实 vs 虚拟"和 unless。

下一站 · 休闲与娱乐

论从假设到愿望

本单元你拿下的：条件句 1&2 + unless + if only/wish 入门。

Unit 4 预告：语法升级到虚拟语气家族——would rather、it's time、as if，把"宁愿/早该/好像"这层情绪写进句子，话题转向电影、展览和爱好。

在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方

📚 剑桥官方免费资源（本课程只链接、不复制正文）

剑桥 First (FCE) 官方考试页（内含免费样题/真题下载）
Cambridge English 免费学习资源

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