记忆轴：真实（will + 动原）→ 现在不可能（would + 动原，动词用过去式）→ 过去不可能（would have + 过去分词）。第二类 If I had money 其实我没钱；第三类 If I had known 其实我当时不知道。
为什么它是 FCE 核心Writing 议论文、Speaking Part 3 讨论假设，都靠条件句。If everyone recycled, there would be far less waste 一句就是第二类虚拟，B2 立刻显形。
第二类 be 动词正式用 wereIf I were you, I would apologise.（口语可说 was，但写作正式用 were）。
④ 完整体系：四类条件句 + unless/wish 全表
类型
if 从句
主句
含义
零类
现在时
现在时
客观真理
一类
现在时
will + 动原
真实可能
二类
过去式
would + 动原
现在与事实相反
三类
had + 过去分词
would have + 过去分词
过去与事实相反
unless 与 wish
结构
例句
=
unless + 肯定
Unless it rains, we will go.
If it does not rain
I wish + 过去
I wish I knew the answer.
现在不知道
I wish + had done
I wish I had studied harder.
过去没努力
⑤ 用法场景全解（配图记忆）
场景
例句
记忆点
1 真实计划
If I have time, I will call you.
一类
2 现在假设
If I had more money, I would travel.
二类（其实没钱）
3 过去后悔
If I had known, I would have told you.
三类（其实不知道）
4 除非
Unless you hurry, youll miss the bus.
= if you dont hurry
5 愿望
I wish I were taller.
与现在事实相反
unless 本身含否定，从句别再加 not✗ Unless you dont study... 错。unless = if not，所以从句用肯定：Unless you study (= if you dont study)。
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1：条件句主句加 will/would 到 if 从句 ✗ If I will have time... → ✓ If I have time, I will...（if 从句用现在时表将来）。
错误 2：unless 后加 not ✗ Unless you dont hurry... → ✓ Unless you hurry（= if you dont hurry）。
错误 3：二类主句忘 would ✗ If I had time, I go. → ✓ If I had time, I would go.
错误 4：三类动词形式错 ✗ If I would have known... → ✓ If I had known, I would have told.（if 从句不用 would）。
错误 5：wish 后时态错 ✗ I wish I know. → ✓ I wish I knew.（现在愿望用过去时）。
⑦ FCE 考点与真题演练（Use of English 三题型）
题型
怎么考
应对
Part 4
unless↔if not, wish↔if only, 二类↔三类改写
先判断时间真实/虚拟
Writing 议论文
提出假设后果
If everyone..., ...would... 二类
Speaking Part 3
讨论如果…会怎样
条件句串假设
真题风格演练（FCE B2 出题方式）
真题风格 · FCE Part 4key word transformation：Hurry up, or well miss the train. → ________, well miss the train. (UNLESS)
Unless you hurry。or well miss = unless you hurry（= if you dont hurry）。
真题风格 · FCE Part 4key word transformation：I didnt know she was ill, so I didnt visit her. → If I ________ she was ill, I would have visited her. (KNOWN)
had known。三类虚拟：if + had known，主句 would have visited。
真题风格 · FCE Part 2open cloze：I wish I ________ how to play the piano, but I never learned.
1. If I have time, I will finish the report tonight. 如果我有时间，今晚就把报告写完。
2. If I were you, I would take the job. 如果我是你，我就接受这份工作。
3. If I had known about the meeting, I would have come. 要是知道有会议，我就来了。
4. Unless it rains, the match will go ahead. 除非下雨，比赛照常进行。
5. I wish I spoke French fluently. 我真希望我能流利地说法语。
6. I wish I had studied medicine at university. 我真希望大学时学了医。
7. If everyone recycled more, there would be less waste. 如果每个人都多回收，垃圾会少很多。
8. Unless you practise, you wont improve. 除非你练习，否则不会进步。
9. If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train. 她要是早点走，就赶上火车了。
10. There are those who argue that exams are necessary, but I would argue that they cause too much stress. 有人主张考试必要，但我认为它们压力太大。
FCE Writing 假设论证模板
If governments invested more in public transport, there would be less pollution. Unless we act now, the problem will only get worse. I wish people used their cars less, but changing habits is hard.
⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会
练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着上面背诵卡读 3 遍：第一遍慢读看发音，第二遍正常速度，第三遍不看文字凭记忆说。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: What would you do if you won the lottery? → A: If I won, I would travel the world.
Q: Do you wish you had studied differently? → A: I wish I had learned a second language earlier.
Q: Unless it rains, what are your plans? → A: Unless it rains, well go hiking.
A: What would you do if you could live anywhere? B: If I had the choice, Id live by the sea. A: Really? What about your job? B: Unless I could work from home, I wouldnt move — but I wish I could.
基础 3改写：If you dont hurry, youll be late. → ___ you hurry,...
Unless。
基础 4填空：I wish I ___ (know) the answer.
knew。wish + 过去时。
基础 5改错：If I will see her, I will tell her.
→ If I see her（if 从句不用 will）。
基础 6填空：If I ___ (have) more time, I would learn guitar.
had。二类。
进阶 7三类：I didnt study, so I failed. → If I ___ ___, I would have passed.
had studied。
进阶 8改错：Unless you dont practise, you wont improve.
→ Unless you practise（unless 不加 not）。
进阶 9wish 过去：I regret not taking the job. → I wish I ___ ___ the job.
had taken。
进阶 10二类主句：If they had a map, they ___ (not / get) lost.
wouldnt get。
进阶 11零类：If you heat ice, it ___ (melt).
melts。客观真理。
进阶 12Part 4：if not → ___ you leave now, youll miss it.
Unless。
挑战 13 · Part 4key word：I didnt have enough money, so I didnt buy it. → If I ________ enough money, I would have bought it. (HAD)
had had。三类 if 从句 had + 过去分词。
挑战 14 · Part 4key word：I regret not inviting her. → I wish I ________ her. (INVITED)
had invited。wish + had done 表过去遗憾。
挑战 15 · Part 2open cloze：Well go to the beach ________ it rains — its too hot otherwise.
unless。= if it doesnt rain。
挑战 16 · 改错 2 处If I would have more free time, I would travel, unless I dont have money.
① If I had（二类不用 would）；② unless I have money（unless 不加 not）。
挑战 17 · 写作用二类虚拟写一句环保假设。
参考：If everyone used less plastic, there would be far less pollution.
挑战 18 · 口语1 分钟比较两张图（高铁 vs 自驾出行），用 unless 和 would。
参考：Unless trains were cheaper, people would drive; if they cost less, more people would take them.
⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀 ① 时间轴：will（真）→ would（现在假）→ would have（过去假）。 ② if 从句永不用 will/would；unless=if not，从句用肯定。 ③ I wish + 过去（现在愿望）/ had done（过去遗憾）。
7 天复习计划（配合 FCE Unit 3）
天
任务
自检
第 1 天
背变形/词族表 + 做基础 1-6
全对即可
第 2 天
做进阶 7-12 + 重做错题
错题重做全对
第 3 天
挑战 13-18（含 UoE 三题型）
Part 4 改写拿分
第 4 天
回看考点表，做 1 篇 FCE UoE Part 2/3
本课相关空全对
第 5-7 天
每天口头说 1 分钟本课主题（Part 2 风格）
口语流利不卡壳
B2 考场延伸：本课在 FCE 四张卷里怎么拿分
Reading & Use of English Part 2（open cloze）遇到本课考点，先读整句判断词性与逻辑，再回填；Part 3（word formation）务必先判断空格需要名词、形容词还是副词，再决定加 -tion / -ive / -ly 等后缀；Part 4（key word transformation）必须用上题干给出的大写提示词，改写后保持原意、控制在两到三个词的答案长度。Writing（作文/邮件/文章）里把本课结构和词汇自然嵌入一段，比堆难词更能拿 Grammar 和 Vocabulary 分；每段用一个连接词串起句间逻辑。Speaking Part 2 用本课词做一分钟图片比较，先总述两张图的共同点，再逐项对比并给出个人倾向；Part 4 与搭档讨论时，先回应对方观点再补充，避免只说自己的话。
复习节奏建议：当天先看懂「本质」和「形式表」，再做分层练习的基础 6 题；第二天重做错题并挑战 Part 2/3/4 真题风格题；第三天起每天用本课句型口头造三句，直到不看背诵卡也能流利说出。错题不要只抄答案，要在旁边写出错因（词性、搭配、时态还是介词），考前只看错因清单即可。
小白常见误区再提醒
第一次学 B2 时，最容易犯的错不是不会，而是把 PET 的旧习惯直接搬上来：写作通篇用 and / but / so 连句，口语只会说 very good / very nice，该用名词的地方硬塞一个形容词。请记住，B2 评分看的是「能不能在正确的地方用对形式」，不是「认识多少难词」。一个用对的 however 比三个生僻词更得分。