TOEFL Junior · Unit 6 · A2-B1

Unit 6 · 健康 Health

本单元语法主线：情态动词 can/must/should。题型覆盖听力理解（校园对话/通知/讲座）、语言形式与含义（语法词汇四选一）、阅读理解（课文/广告/信件）。学完后建议进入 深化页：情态动词 can/must/should。

01 主题语篇 · Reading & Listening

At our school, the nurse gives a health talk every month. Last week, she talked about staying fit. You can exercise almost anywhere, she said. You do not need a gym. You should walk or ride a bike instead of taking the bus. You must not eat too much junk food — it is bad for your heart. She also told us that we must sleep at least eight hours a night. If you are sick, you should see a doctor. You must not go to school if you have a fever, she added. Some students asked if they could drink energy drinks. The nurse said no: teenagers should not have caffeine. On the way home, my friend said, I have to finish my science project tonight, so I cannot exercise. But I should sleep earlier. I think she is right — we should balance study and health.
在我们学校，校医每个月做一次健康讲座。上周她讲了如何保持健康。你几乎在哪都能锻炼，她说。不需要健身房。你应该走路或骑车代替坐公交。你不能吃太多垃圾食品——对心脏不好。她还说我们每晚必须至少睡八小时。如果你病了，你应该去看医生。发烧时绝对不能来学校。有学生问能不能喝能量饮料。校医说不行：青少年不应该摄入咖啡因。回家路上我朋友说：我今晚必须完成科学作业，所以没法锻炼。但我应该早点睡。我觉得她是对的——我们应该平衡学习和健康。
核心词块：nurse, exercise, gym, junk food, heart, sleep, fever, energy drink, caffeine, balance

02 词汇延展 · Word Expansion

身体症状
headache, stomachache, fever, cough, cold, sore throat, runny nose
have a fever 发烧
医疗服务
nurse, doctor, hospital, clinic, check-up, medicine, pill, vaccine
check-up 体检
健康习惯
exercise, sleep, balanced diet, fresh air, stay fit, relax
balanced diet 均衡饮食
情态动词
can, could, must, must not, should, should not, have to, need to
must not = 禁止
建议表达
You should..., You had better..., Why do not you..., How about...?
Why do not you + 动词原形

03 语法延展 · Grammar (A2-B1 爬坡)

can/could
能力、请求许可
You can exercise anywhere. / Could I drink water?
must
主观必须
You must sleep 8 hours.
have to
客观必须
I have to finish my project tonight.
should/should not
应该/不应该（建议）
You should see a doctor. / You should not have caffeine.

⚠ 易错陷阱

  • ① must not 不等于 don't have to： must not = 禁止（You must not smoke）；don't have to = 不必（You don't have to come）。完全相反。
  • ② 情态动词 + 原形： ✗ You should to rest. → ✓ You should rest（情态动词后不加 to）。
  • ③ must 无过去时： 过去的必须用 had to：I had to finish it yesterday. 不能说 musted。
  • 考试怎么考： Language Form 考医生建议：You ___ drink more water. (should / mustn't) → should。

04 功能句型 · Functional Patterns

口语 · 看医生对话
What's the matter? I have a headache and a fever.
You should drink more water. You must not go to school today. You should rest.
医生建议用 should；禁令用 must not。
写作 · 健康倡议
Students should exercise every day. We must not eat too much junk food. We have to sleep eight hours.
倡议信里 should/must not 高频。
听力 · 校医广播
If you have a fever, you must go to the nurse office. You should not take medicine without asking.
must / should not 是规则关键词。

05 考点自测 · Self Check

1（填空）：
You ___ (should / must not) smoke in the hospital. It is forbidden.
查看答案
must not（forbidden = 禁止）
2（选择）：
I ___ finish my homework tonight because it is due tomorrow. A. have to B. can C. may
查看答案
A（due tomorrow 客观必须）
3（填空）：
You look tired. You ___ go to bed early.
查看答案
should（建议）
4（改错）：
You should to drink more water.
查看答案
You should drink（should 后不加 to）
5（易混）：
You ___ come to the party if you do not want to. (must not / do not have to)
查看答案
do not have to（不想来就不必来，不是禁止）
6（场景）：
用英语给朋友一条健康建议（用 should）。
查看答案
示范：You should drink more water and sleep eight hours every night.
7（听力）：
Students ___ run in the hallway. It is dangerous. 填 must not 还是 should？
查看答案
must not（dangerous = 禁止跑）
8（写作）：
写 3 句健康规则（用 must / must not / should）。
查看答案
示范：We must sleep eight hours. We must not eat too much junk food. We should exercise every day.

06 拓展阅读 · Extended Passage（听力原稿风格）

The school nurse gave us some advice today. First, she said we should eat more vegetables and fruit. Teenagers need at least five portions a day. Second, we should sleep eight to nine hours. Many students stay up late playing games, and that is bad for their brains. Third, we should exercise for at least one hour every day. We can walk, run, swim, or ride a bike. The nurse also said we must not drink too many energy drinks. They have a lot of caffeine, which makes the heart beat faster. If you feel sick, you should not come to school — you must rest and see a doctor. Finally, she told us to drink enough water. Our bodies are almost sixty percent water, she said. How many glasses of water do you drink every day?
校医今天给我们提了建议。第一，她讲我们应多吃蔬菜和水果。青少年每天至少要五份。第二，我们应睡八到九小时。很多学生熬夜打游戏，这对大脑不好。第三，我们应每天至少运动一小时。可以走路、跑步、游泳或骑车。校医还说我们不能喝太多能量饮料。它们咖啡因多，会让心跳加快。如果你觉得不舒服，就不该来学校——必须休息看医生。最后她让我们喝够水。她说我们身体近 60% 是水。你每天喝几杯水？

07 可直接套用句型（10 句）

  • We should eat more vegetables and fruit.
  • Teenagers need at least five portions a day.
  • We should sleep eight to nine hours.
  • We should exercise for at least one hour every day.
  • We must not drink too many energy drinks.
  • If you feel sick, you should not come to school.
  • You must rest and see a doctor.
  • Our bodies are almost sixty percent water.
  • You had better go to bed early.
  • How many glasses of water do you drink every day?

08 加练 6 题（含答案）

9（填空）
You ___ smoke in the hospital. It is forbidden.
查看答案
must not
10（选择）
You look tired. You ___ go to bed early. A. must B. should C. can
查看答案
B（建议）
11（填空）
I ___ finish this tonight because it is due tomorrow.
查看答案
have to
12（改错）
You should to drink more water.
查看答案
You should drink（should + 原形）
13（场景）
用 should 写一条健康建议给朋友。
查看答案
示范：You should drink more water and sleep eight hours.
14（听力）
We ___ not drink too many energy drinks.
查看答案
must

09 听力原稿精听（Listening Script）

M: Hey, are you going to the school fair this Saturday? W: I am not sure. I have a lot of homework this week. M: But the fair only happens once a year. There will be games, food, and a concert in the afternoon. W: Really? What time does it start? M: It starts at ten in the morning. The concert begins at three. W: How much is the ticket? M: It is five dollars for students, and eight for adults. Half price if you bring a food donation. W: That sounds like a good deal. I will ask my mom. Maybe I can finish my homework on Friday night. M: Great! Let me know. I will save you a ticket. W: Thanks. See you on Saturday, hopefully. M: See you!
男：嘿，这周六你去学校游园会吗？ 女：不确定。我这周作业很多。 男：但游园会一年才一次。有游戏、食物，下午还有音乐会。 女：真的？几点开始？ 男：上午十点开始。音乐会三点开始。 女：票多少钱？ 男：学生五美元，成人八美元。带食物捐赠半价。 女：听起来挺值。我问问我妈。也许我周五晚上能写完作业。 男：好！告诉我。我给你留张票。 女：谢谢。周六见，希望能去。 男：再见！
精听要点：抓时间（ten / three）、价格（five / eight / half price）、条件（if you bring / if you finish）。小托福听力题常考"他/她最后决定去不去"——听最后两句。

10 词汇例句扩展（每词配一句）

academic
The new library has more academic books than last year.
academic adj. 学术的
assignment
Our English teacher gave us a writing assignment.
assignment n. 作业
schedule
Check the schedule to see when the bus leaves.
schedule n. 时间表
opportunity
This trip is a great opportunity to practice English.
opportunity n. 机会
experience
Working on the farm was an unforgettable experience.
experience n. 经历；经验
improve
Reading every day will improve your vocabulary.
improve v. 提高
challenge
Learning a new language is a big challenge.
challenge n. 挑战
achieve
If you work hard, you will achieve your goal.
achieve v. 实现

11 写作范文（Email / Notice）

Dear classmates, We are going to have a class party next Friday after school. It will be in Room 301. We will have snacks, music, and games. Please bring one dish to share. If you cannot come, please tell me by Wednesday. We also need three volunteers to help clean the room after the party. If you are interested, please write to me. I hope to see everyone there! Best, Linda
亲爱的同学们： 下周五放学后我们要办班级派对，在 301 教室。有零食、音乐和游戏。请带一道菜分享。如果不能来，请周三前告诉我。 我们还需要三名志愿者派对后帮忙打扫。有兴趣请写信给我。 希望大家都来！ Linda 敬上
小托福写作常考"写邮件通知某事"。结构：开头点明目的 → 时间地点活动 → 要求/邀请 → 结尾。用一般现在时通知安排，用 will 说将要发生的事。

12 阅读广告/信件类真题风格

SUMMER CAMP 2026
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
2026 夏令营
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
阅读理解题示例：Q: How long is the camp? A: Two weeks. Q: What is the price? A: $250. Q: Where do you sign up? A: At the school office. 小托福阅读广告题就考这种细节定位。

13 小托福题型答题技巧（4 条）

📌 应试策略

  • 听力：听前先读选项，猜话题。听第二个人的回答，往往答案就在那里。
  • 语言形式：先找时间标志词（yesterday / every day / already），定时态再选变形。
  • 阅读：先读题，带着问题回原文定位。广告/通知类直接找数字和地点。
  • 时间管理：不会的题先跳过，做完有时间再回来。别在一道题上卡 5 分钟。

14 单元小结与下一步

✅ 学完本单元你应该能：

  • 听懂校园对话中关于时间、地点、价格的关键信息。
  • 在四选一语法题中正确选择动词时态/变形。
  • 读懂广告、通知、简短信件并提取细节。
  • 用本单元句型写 3–5 句连贯的英文邮件或段落。
下一步：进入对应 知识深化页（左侧导航或文末链接），把语法点的规则、变形、易错点彻底吃透；然后回到本页重做题，直到全部答对。12 单元按 A2→B2 顺序推进，不要跳级。

15 本单元高频词自测（10 词中译英）

  1. 闹钟响了。 → The bell ___.
  2. 我走路上学。 → I ___ to school.
  3. 她正在吃饭。 → She ___ right now.
  4. 我们去年去了北京。 → We ___ to Beijing last year.
  5. 这是我见过最好的电影。 → It is the ___ film I have ever seen.
  6. 明天会下雨。 → It ___ rain tomorrow.
  7. 我已经完成作业了。 → I ___ my homework already.
  8. 你应该多喝水。 → You ___ drink more water.
  9. 正在说话的女孩是我妹妹。 → The girl ___ is speaking is my sister.
  10. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 → If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
参考答案
1. rings 2. walk 3. is eating 4. went 5. best 6. will 7. have finished 8. should 9. who 10. rains
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