TOEFL Junior · Unit 5 · B1
Unit 5 · 环境 Environment
本单元语法主线：现在完成时。题型覆盖听力理解（校园对话/通知/讲座）、语言形式与含义（语法词汇四选一）、阅读理解（课文/广告/信件）。学完后建议进入 深化页：现在完成时。
01 主题语篇 · Reading & Listening
Our town has changed a lot in the last ten years. Ten years ago, there was only one small park, and people burned rubbish in their gardens. Today, the government has built three new parks, and every family has started to recycle plastic, paper and glass. Our school has also organized several green weeks this year. We have planted over two hundred trees around the playground. Last month, we invited a scientist to give a talk about climate change. She told us that the Earth's temperature has risen by about one degree in the last century. Many students have already joined the environmental club. I have been a member since last September. We have not solved all the problems yet, but we have already made a difference. Have you ever taken part in a clean-up day?
我们镇在过去十年里变化很大。十年前只有一个小公园，人们还在院子里烧垃圾。今天政府建了三个新公园，每家都开始回收塑料、纸张和玻璃。我们学校今年也组织了好几次绿色周。我们在操场周围种了两百多棵树。上个月我们请了一位科学家来讲气候变化。她告诉我们，地球气温在过去一个世纪里上升了约一度。很多学生已经加入了环保俱乐部。我从去年九月起就是成员。我们还没有解决所有问题，但我们已经做出了改变。你参加过清洁日活动吗？
核心词块：recycle, rubbish, park, government, plant, climate change, temperature, environmental club, member, solve
02 词汇延展 · Word Expansion
环境问题
pollution, rubbish, plastic, climate change, temperature, emissions, global warming
global warming 全球变暖
环保行动
recycle, reuse, reduce, plant trees, clean-up, save energy, renewable
3R: reduce/reuse/recycle
自然生态
park, forest, river, ocean, habitat, ecosystem, species, wildlife
habitat 栖息地
完成时标志
already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, in the last ten years
since + 点；for + 段
动作结果
build-built, plant-planted, organize-organized, solve-solved, make-made
build 过去分词 built
03 语法延展 · Grammar (B1 爬坡)
have/has + 过去分词
过去发生对现在有影响
We have planted 200 trees.
already
肯定句已经
I have already joined the club.
yet
否定/疑问还
We have not solved it yet.
since / for
since + 时间点；for + 时间段
since last September / for a year
⚠ 易错陷阱
- ① 过去时 vs 完成时： 有明确过去时间（yesterday/in 2020）用一般过去；强调影响用完成时。
- ② have been to vs have gone to： have been to 去过（已回）；have gone to 去了（没回）。
- ③ since + 点，for + 段： ✗ since two years. → ✓ for two years / since 2024.
- ④ 不规则过去分词： build-built, make-made, take-taken, write-written。别写 builded/maked。
04 功能句型 · Functional Patterns
口语 · 聊环保经历
Have you ever taken part in a clean-up day?
Yes, I have. I have joined the environmental club since last year. We have planted many trees.
Yes, I have. I have joined the environmental club since last year. We have planted many trees.
Have you ever...? 开头，Yes I have + 细节。
写作 · 环保倡议
Our school has organized several green weeks. We have already recycled plastic, but we have not solved all the problems yet.
完成时讲已经做了什么、还没做什么。
听力 · 科学家讲座
The temperature has risen by one degree in the last century. Many species have lost their habitats.
讲座里完成时讲全球趋势。
05 考点自测 · Self Check
1（填空）：
I ___ (live) here since 2020.
查看答案
have lived / have been living（since 2020）
2（选择）：
Have you ___ been to Beijing? A. ever B. already C. yet
查看答案
A（Have you ever...? 固定搭配）
3（填空）：
She ___ (not/finish) her homework yet.
查看答案
hasn't finished（yet 否定完成）
4（改错）：
I have seen that film yesterday.
查看答案
I saw that film yesterday（yesterday 用一般过去）
5（易混）：
He ___ to Shanghai. He will be back next week. (has been / has gone)
查看答案
has gone to（人还没回）
6（场景）：
用英语说你已经做过的一件环保事（现在完成时）。
查看答案
示范：I have recycled plastic at home for two years.
7（听力）：
We ___ (plant) 200 trees so far. 填什么？
查看答案
have planted（so far 到目前为止）
8（写作）：
写 3 句描述你城市的环境变化（现在完成时）。
查看答案
示范：Our town has changed a lot. We have built three new parks. We have not solved all the problems yet.
06 拓展阅读 · Extended Passage（听力原稿风格）
Our town has changed a lot. Ten years ago, there was no recycling center. People threw everything into one bin. Today, we have three bins: paper, plastic, and food waste. The town has planted over five hundred trees since 2020. The river, which was dirty before, is now clean enough for fish. We have also built a new bike path. More than two hundred students have joined the green club. Last month, we organized a clean-up day. We collected thirty bags of rubbish. We have not solved all the problems — some people still drop plastic on the ground. But we have already made a difference. Have you ever picked up rubbish in a public place? What did you do with it?
我们镇变化很大。十年前没有回收中心。人们什么都扔一个桶。今天我们有三个桶：纸、塑料、厨余。自 2020 年以来镇里种了五百多棵树。以前脏的河现在干净得能养鱼。我们还建了新自行车道。两百多学生加入了绿色俱乐部。上个月我们组织了清洁日。我们捡了三十袋垃圾。我们还没解决所有问题——有人仍随地扔塑料。但我们已经做出了改变。你在公共场所捡过垃圾吗？你怎么处理的？
07 可直接套用句型（10 句）
- Our town has changed a lot in the last ten years.
- We have three bins: paper, plastic, and food waste.
- The town has planted over five hundred trees since 2020.
- The river is now clean enough for fish.
- More than two hundred students have joined the green club.
- We collected thirty bags of rubbish last month.
- We have not solved all the problems yet.
- But we have already made a difference.
- Have you ever picked up rubbish in a public place?
- What have you done to protect the environment?
08 加练 6 题（含答案）
9（填空）
We ___ (plant) 500 trees since 2020.
查看答案
have planted（since + 点）
10（选择）
I have ___ seen such a clean river. A. ever B. never C. yet
查看答案
B
11（填空）
She ___ (not / finish) the clean-up yet.
查看答案
hasn't finished
12（改错）
I have seen him yesterday.
查看答案
I saw him yesterday（yesterday 用过去）
13（场景）
用现在完成时写一句你已经做过的环保事。
查看答案
示范：I have recycled paper at home for two years.
14（听力）
We ___ already ___ (make) a difference.
查看答案
have / made
09 听力原稿精听（Listening Script）
M: Hey, are you going to the school fair this Saturday?
W: I am not sure. I have a lot of homework this week.
M: But the fair only happens once a year. There will be games, food, and a concert in the afternoon.
W: Really? What time does it start?
M: It starts at ten in the morning. The concert begins at three.
W: How much is the ticket?
M: It is five dollars for students, and eight for adults. Half price if you bring a food donation.
W: That sounds like a good deal. I will ask my mom. Maybe I can finish my homework on Friday night.
M: Great! Let me know. I will save you a ticket.
W: Thanks. See you on Saturday, hopefully.
M: See you!
男：嘿，这周六你去学校游园会吗？
女：不确定。我这周作业很多。
男：但游园会一年才一次。有游戏、食物，下午还有音乐会。
女：真的？几点开始？
男：上午十点开始。音乐会三点开始。
女：票多少钱？
男：学生五美元，成人八美元。带食物捐赠半价。
女：听起来挺值。我问问我妈。也许我周五晚上能写完作业。
男：好！告诉我。我给你留张票。
女：谢谢。周六见，希望能去。
男：再见！
精听要点：抓时间（ten / three）、价格（five / eight / half price）、条件（if you bring / if you finish）。小托福听力题常考"他/她最后决定去不去"——听最后两句。
10 词汇例句扩展（每词配一句）
academic
The new library has more academic books than last year.
academic adj. 学术的
assignment
Our English teacher gave us a writing assignment.
assignment n. 作业
schedule
Check the schedule to see when the bus leaves.
schedule n. 时间表
opportunity
This trip is a great opportunity to practice English.
opportunity n. 机会
experience
Working on the farm was an unforgettable experience.
experience n. 经历；经验
improve
Reading every day will improve your vocabulary.
improve v. 提高
challenge
Learning a new language is a big challenge.
challenge n. 挑战
achieve
If you work hard, you will achieve your goal.
achieve v. 实现
11 写作范文（Email / Notice）
Dear classmates,
We are going to have a class party next Friday after school. It will be in Room 301. We will have snacks, music, and games. Please bring one dish to share. If you cannot come, please tell me by Wednesday.
We also need three volunteers to help clean the room after the party. If you are interested, please write to me.
I hope to see everyone there!
Best,
Linda
亲爱的同学们：
下周五放学后我们要办班级派对，在 301 教室。有零食、音乐和游戏。请带一道菜分享。如果不能来，请周三前告诉我。
我们还需要三名志愿者派对后帮忙打扫。有兴趣请写信给我。
希望大家都来！
Linda 敬上
小托福写作常考"写邮件通知某事"。结构：开头点明目的 → 时间地点活动 → 要求/邀请 → 结尾。用一般现在时通知安排，用 will 说将要发生的事。
12 阅读广告/信件类真题风格
SUMMER CAMP 2026
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
2026 夏令营
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
阅读理解题示例：Q: How long is the camp? A: Two weeks. Q: What is the price? A: $250. Q: Where do you sign up? A: At the school office. 小托福阅读广告题就考这种细节定位。
13 小托福题型答题技巧（4 条）
📌 应试策略
- 听力：听前先读选项，猜话题。听第二个人的回答，往往答案就在那里。
- 语言形式：先找时间标志词（yesterday / every day / already），定时态再选变形。
- 阅读：先读题，带着问题回原文定位。广告/通知类直接找数字和地点。
- 时间管理：不会的题先跳过，做完有时间再回来。别在一道题上卡 5 分钟。
14 单元小结与下一步
✅ 学完本单元你应该能：
- 听懂校园对话中关于时间、地点、价格的关键信息。
- 在四选一语法题中正确选择动词时态/变形。
- 读懂广告、通知、简短信件并提取细节。
- 用本单元句型写 3–5 句连贯的英文邮件或段落。
下一步：进入对应 知识深化页（左侧导航或文末链接），把语法点的规则、变形、易错点彻底吃透；然后回到本页重做题，直到全部答对。12 单元按 A2→B2 顺序推进，不要跳级。
15 本单元高频词自测（10 词中译英）
- 闹钟响了。 → The bell ___.
- 我走路上学。 → I ___ to school.
- 她正在吃饭。 → She ___ right now.
- 我们去年去了北京。 → We ___ to Beijing last year.
- 这是我见过最好的电影。 → It is the ___ film I have ever seen.
- 明天会下雨。 → It ___ rain tomorrow.
- 我已经完成作业了。 → I ___ my homework already.
- 你应该多喝水。 → You ___ drink more water.
- 正在说话的女孩是我妹妹。 → The girl ___ is speaking is my sister.
- 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 → If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
参考答案
1. rings 2. walk 3. is eating 4. went 5. best 6. will 7. have finished 8. should 9. who 10. rains