TOEFL Junior · Unit 7 · B1

Unit 7 · 文化 Culture

本单元语法主线：定语从句 who/which/that。题型覆盖听力理解（校园对话/通知/讲座）、语言形式与含义（语法词汇四选一）、阅读理解（课文/广告/信件）。学完后建议进入 深化页：定语从句 who/which/that。

01 主题语篇 · Reading & Listening

Last month, our school held an international food festival. Students from different countries brought dishes that their families usually cook at home. I went with my friend Mei, who is from Beijing. She brought dumplings, which her grandmother makes every Spring Festival. There was also a boy whose parents are from Mexico. He brought tacos, which were spicy but delicious. The teacher who organized the event was Ms. Lee, who has lived in six countries. She told us that food is a language which everyone can understand. I tried a dish that I had never seen before — it was called sushi, which comes from Japan. The person who made it told me that sushi is not just rice and fish; it is an art form. By the end of the day, we had eaten food from ten different countries. It was the best school event that I have ever joined.
上个月我们学校办了一个国际美食节。来自不同国家的学生带来了他们家里常做的菜。我和北京来的朋友 Mei 一起去。她带了饺子，那是她奶奶每年春节都包的。还有一个男孩，他父母来自墨西哥。他带了塔可，很辣但很好吃。组织活动的老师是 Lee 女士，她住过六个国家。她告诉我们食物是一种人人都懂的语言。我尝了一道从没见过的菜——叫寿司，来自日本。做寿司的人告诉我，寿司不只是米饭和鱼，它是一种艺术形式。到那天结束时，我们吃了十个不同国家的食物。那是我参加过的最好的校园活动。
核心词块：food festival, dish, dumpling, taco, sushi, organize, Spring Festival, spicy, art form, event

02 词汇延展 · Word Expansion

节日传统
festival, tradition, custom, ceremony, Spring Festival, parade, firework
custom 习俗
食物文化
dish, cuisine, ingredient, recipe, spicy, sour, sweet, flavor
cuisine 菜肴/菜系
国家移民
immigrant, abroad, local, foreigner, heritage, passport, tradition
heritage 遗产
人物描述
neighbor, classmate, guest, host, visitor, chef, relative
host 主人；guest 客人
连接词
who, which, that, whose, where, when
who 指人；which 指物

03 语法延展 · Grammar (B1 爬坡)

who/that
指人（主语/宾语）
the boy who brought tacos
which/that
指物（主语/宾语）
dumplings, which her grandmother makes
that
指人或物（限定从句）
a dish that I had never seen
whose
他的/她的/它的
a boy whose parents are from Mexico

⚠ 易错陷阱

  • ① who 指人，which 指物： ✗ the book who I bought. → ✓ the book which/that I bought.
  • ② 限定从句不用逗号： The boy who brought tacos is my friend.（无逗号）；非限定用逗号：Mei, who is from Beijing, brought dumplings.
  • ③ that 不能用在逗号后： ✗ Ms. Lee, that has lived in six countries. → ✓ Ms. Lee, who has lived in six countries.
  • 考试怎么考： The girl ___ sits next to me is from Spain. → who/that。

04 功能句型 · Functional Patterns

口语 · 介绍文化
Tell me about a tradition that is important in your country.
In China, the Spring Festival is a tradition that every family celebrates. We eat dumplings, which our grandmothers make.
用 that/which 把文化描述写长。
写作 · 文化介绍文
Food is a language which everyone can understand. The dish that I like most is dumplings, which my family makes every Spring Festival.
定语从句让作文更有层次。
听力 · 讲座介绍
The festival, which was held last month, attracted over two hundred students. The chef who made sushi is from Tokyo.
听力抓 who/which 锁定人物/物品。

05 考点自测 · Self Check

1（填空）：
The girl ___ sits next to me is from Spain.
查看答案
who/that（指人主语）
2（选择）：
This is the book ___ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose
查看答案
B（指物 the book）
3（填空）：
I know a boy ___ father is a famous chef.
查看答案
whose（他的爸爸）
4（改错）：
The book who I read was interesting.
查看答案
The book which/that I read（指物不用 who）
5（易混）：
That's the school ___ I studied. (which / where)
查看答案
where（school 是地点）
6（场景）：
用 who 写一句描述你的一个朋友。
查看答案
示范：My friend is someone who always helps me with homework.
7（听力）：
The chef ___ made sushi is from Tokyo. 填什么？
查看答案
who/that（指人 the chef）
8（写作）：
写 3 句描述你喜欢的一道菜（用 which/that）。
查看答案
示范：Dumplings are a food which my grandmother makes. They are the best dish that I know. I love dumplings, which we eat every Spring Festival.

06 拓展阅读 · Extended Passage（听力原稿风格）

The Spring Festival is the most important tradition in China. It is a holiday which every family celebrates. Before the festival, people clean their houses carefully. They also put red paper decorations on their doors, which bring good luck. On New Year's Eve, families have a big dinner together. The food that they eat has special meanings. For example, dumplings, which look like old Chinese money, symbolize wealth. Fish is also served because the Chinese word for fish sounds like the word for surplus. Children love the festival because they receive red envelopes that contain money. The dragon dance, which is performed in the streets, is loud and colorful. It is a tradition that has lasted for thousands of years. What is a tradition that is important in your country?
春节是中国最重要的传统。它是每个家庭都庆祝的节日。节前人们仔细打扫房子。他们还在门上贴红纸装饰，那带来好运。除夕夜全家一起吃大餐。他们吃的食物有特殊含义。比如饺子像古钱，象征财富。鱼也会上桌，因为汉字鱼和余同音。孩子喜欢春节因为他们收到装钱的红包。街上表演的舞龙喧闹而多彩。这是延续了几千年的传统。你们国家有什么重要传统？

07 可直接套用句型（10 句）

  • The Spring Festival is the most important tradition in China.
  • It is a holiday which every family celebrates.
  • People put red paper decorations on their doors, which bring good luck.
  • The food that they eat has special meanings.
  • Dumplings look like old Chinese money.
  • Fish is served because it sounds like surplus.
  • Children receive red envelopes that contain money.
  • The dragon dance is performed in the streets.
  • It is a tradition that has lasted for thousands of years.
  • What is a tradition that is important in your country?

08 加练 6 题（含答案）

9（填空）
The girl ___ sits next to me is from Spain.
查看答案
who/that
10（选择）
This is the book ___ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose
查看答案
B
11（填空）
I know a boy ___ father is a chef.
查看答案
whose
12（改错）
The book who I read was interesting.
查看答案
The book which/that I read
13（场景）
用 who 写一句描述你的朋友。
查看答案
示范：My friend is someone who always helps me.
14（听力）
The envelopes ___ contain money are called hongbao.
查看答案
which/that

09 听力原稿精听（Listening Script）

M: Hey, are you going to the school fair this Saturday? W: I am not sure. I have a lot of homework this week. M: But the fair only happens once a year. There will be games, food, and a concert in the afternoon. W: Really? What time does it start? M: It starts at ten in the morning. The concert begins at three. W: How much is the ticket? M: It is five dollars for students, and eight for adults. Half price if you bring a food donation. W: That sounds like a good deal. I will ask my mom. Maybe I can finish my homework on Friday night. M: Great! Let me know. I will save you a ticket. W: Thanks. See you on Saturday, hopefully. M: See you!
男：嘿，这周六你去学校游园会吗？ 女：不确定。我这周作业很多。 男：但游园会一年才一次。有游戏、食物，下午还有音乐会。 女：真的？几点开始？ 男：上午十点开始。音乐会三点开始。 女：票多少钱？ 男：学生五美元，成人八美元。带食物捐赠半价。 女：听起来挺值。我问问我妈。也许我周五晚上能写完作业。 男：好！告诉我。我给你留张票。 女：谢谢。周六见，希望能去。 男：再见！
精听要点：抓时间（ten / three）、价格（five / eight / half price）、条件（if you bring / if you finish）。小托福听力题常考"他/她最后决定去不去"——听最后两句。

10 词汇例句扩展（每词配一句）

academic
The new library has more academic books than last year.
academic adj. 学术的
assignment
Our English teacher gave us a writing assignment.
assignment n. 作业
schedule
Check the schedule to see when the bus leaves.
schedule n. 时间表
opportunity
This trip is a great opportunity to practice English.
opportunity n. 机会
experience
Working on the farm was an unforgettable experience.
experience n. 经历；经验
improve
Reading every day will improve your vocabulary.
improve v. 提高
challenge
Learning a new language is a big challenge.
challenge n. 挑战
achieve
If you work hard, you will achieve your goal.
achieve v. 实现

11 写作范文（Email / Notice）

Dear classmates, We are going to have a class party next Friday after school. It will be in Room 301. We will have snacks, music, and games. Please bring one dish to share. If you cannot come, please tell me by Wednesday. We also need three volunteers to help clean the room after the party. If you are interested, please write to me. I hope to see everyone there! Best, Linda
亲爱的同学们： 下周五放学后我们要办班级派对，在 301 教室。有零食、音乐和游戏。请带一道菜分享。如果不能来，请周三前告诉我。 我们还需要三名志愿者派对后帮忙打扫。有兴趣请写信给我。 希望大家都来！ Linda 敬上
小托福写作常考"写邮件通知某事"。结构：开头点明目的 → 时间地点活动 → 要求/邀请 → 结尾。用一般现在时通知安排，用 will 说将要发生的事。

12 阅读广告/信件类真题风格

SUMMER CAMP 2026
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
2026 夏令营
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
阅读理解题示例：Q: How long is the camp? A: Two weeks. Q: What is the price? A: $250. Q: Where do you sign up? A: At the school office. 小托福阅读广告题就考这种细节定位。

13 小托福题型答题技巧（4 条）

📌 应试策略

  • 听力：听前先读选项，猜话题。听第二个人的回答，往往答案就在那里。
  • 语言形式：先找时间标志词（yesterday / every day / already），定时态再选变形。
  • 阅读：先读题，带着问题回原文定位。广告/通知类直接找数字和地点。
  • 时间管理：不会的题先跳过，做完有时间再回来。别在一道题上卡 5 分钟。

14 单元小结与下一步

✅ 学完本单元你应该能：

  • 听懂校园对话中关于时间、地点、价格的关键信息。
  • 在四选一语法题中正确选择动词时态/变形。
  • 读懂广告、通知、简短信件并提取细节。
  • 用本单元句型写 3–5 句连贯的英文邮件或段落。
下一步：进入对应 知识深化页（左侧导航或文末链接），把语法点的规则、变形、易错点彻底吃透；然后回到本页重做题，直到全部答对。12 单元按 A2→B2 顺序推进，不要跳级。

15 本单元高频词自测（10 词中译英）

  1. 闹钟响了。 → The bell ___.
  2. 我走路上学。 → I ___ to school.
  3. 她正在吃饭。 → She ___ right now.
  4. 我们去年去了北京。 → We ___ to Beijing last year.
  5. 这是我见过最好的电影。 → It is the ___ film I have ever seen.
  6. 明天会下雨。 → It ___ rain tomorrow.
  7. 我已经完成作业了。 → I ___ my homework already.
  8. 你应该多喝水。 → You ___ drink more water.
  9. 正在说话的女孩是我妹妹。 → The girl ___ is speaking is my sister.
  10. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 → If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
参考答案
1. rings 2. walk 3. is eating 4. went 5. best 6. will 7. have finished 8. should 9. who 10. rains
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