PET 单元 6 · Food & Health

这个单元有 5 章：主题课文"体检之后的生活革命"、词汇延展（食物/身体/症状词族）、语法延展（should / must / have to / can / could 情态家族）、功能句型（给健康建议、写 Email）、PET 考点与自测。

学完你能：用 90+ 饮食与健康词聊"我该怎么吃"；分清 should（建议）/ must（强义务）/ have to（外部要求）/ don't have to（不必）；在 PET 写作 Part 1 Email 里写一封"建议朋友健康生活"的 100 词短信；口语 Part 4 回答"年轻人的健康习惯"。

预计时间：1 周。

衔接说明：情态动词是 B1 语法里最"绕"的一块——shouldn't / mustn't / don't have to 三个否定经常把考生绕晕。这一章一次讲透，U8 被动语态还要靠它们。

本单元思维导图 · 食物词族 + 情态家族

Food & Health = 饮食/身体/症状词族 + should/must/have to + 建议句型。课文带你看 16 岁的 Leo 体检后开始调整饮食，词汇按"食物类别/症状/健康动作"分组，语法把"应该/必须/不必"一次分清。

第1章 课文
体检后的革命
→
第2章 词汇
食物与健康词族
→
第3章 语法
情态动词家族
→
第4章 句型
给健康建议
→
第5章 考点
自测 + 路线图
读法：课文三遍 → 词族背 → 情态动词造句 → 建议句型 → 自测。每章旁绿色"一键作业"可单独出题。
01

主题课文 · 体检之后的生活革命

The Health Check That Changed Everything
原创课文，主角还是 16 岁的 Leo。PET 写作 Part 1 Email 常考"建议朋友改善健康"，口语 Part 4 爱聊"年轻人的饮食"。注意课文里 should / must / have to / mustn't 的分工——第 3 章逐个拆。

课文 · A Month of Better Eating

Last month I had to go for a medical check-up at school, because I had been feeling tired all the time. The doctor said there was nothing seriously wrong, but I really should change my eating habits. He told me that teenagers should eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, and I mustn't skip breakfast — that was the main reason I was falling asleep in class. He also said I didn't have to stop eating pizza completely, but I shouldn't have it three times a week. At first, I thought this would be impossible. For years, my typical lunch was a packet of crisps and a fizzy drink, and I would rarely touch salad. My mum was the one who had to remind me to eat an apple after school. But after two weeks, something strange happened. I started taking a proper lunch — a sandwich, some fruit, and a bottle of water. I had to get up ten minutes earlier to prepare it, but I didn't mind. I could actually concentrate in the afternoon, and my headaches disappeared. Now I can't imagine going back to crisps for lunch. Of course, I still have a burger at the weekend, but once a month is enough. The doctor was right: you don't have to eat perfectly, but you should make small changes you can keep.
上个月我在学校做了次体检，因为我一直觉得累。医生说没什么大问题，但我真该改改饮食习惯了。他说青少年应该多吃水果蔬菜，而且我不能不吃早饭——这是我上课打瞌睡的主要原因。他还说我不必完全戒披萨，但一周不能吃三次。一开始我觉得这不可能。好多年了，我的标准午餐就是一包薯片加气泡饮料，沙拉我几乎不碰。我妈妈总得提醒我放学后吃个苹果。但两周后，奇怪的事发生了。我开始带正经午饭——三明治、水果、一瓶水。我得早起十分钟准备，但我不介意。下午我真的能集中注意力了，头也不疼了。现在我没法想象回去吃薯片当午饭。当然，周末我还是吃个汉堡，但一个月一次就够了。医生说得对：你不必吃得完美，但应该做些你能坚持的小改变。
本课核心词：medical check-up, symptom, tired, headache, concentrate, skip breakfast, eating habits, fizzy drink, crisps, salad, sandwich, plenty of, completely, seriously, change, remind

课文精讲 · B1 版"健康建议"四步

论从"你该多吃菜"到"医生告诉我该怎么做"

KET 版：Eat vegetables. Sleep more. Don't eat fast food.——祈使句三连，像家长训话。

PET 版：① 背景（I had to go for a check-up）；② 用 should 给建议（You should eat...）；③ 用 mustn't 划红线（You mustn't skip breakfast）；④ 用 don't have to 留余地（You don't have to stop completely）。

考试怎么考：PET 写作 Email "advise a friend to eat better"，口语 Part 4 "Do young people have a healthy diet?"。四步走完，建议有轻重、有温度，考官一眼看到情态动词家族全用对了。

记
这一章要记住的 5 个搭配

① have a medical check-up 做体检

② skip breakfast / lunch 不吃某顿饭

③ eating habits 饮食习惯（habits 用复数）

④ concentrate in class 上课集中注意力

⑤ fall asleep 睡着（fall-fell-fallen）

02

词汇延展 · 食物、身体与症状词族

Food, Body & Symptoms
Food & Health 词族按"食物类别/饮料与零食/症状与身体/健康动作"四组背。PET 阅读 Part 2 广告题最爱考"哪种食物适合哪种人"，这张表就是答案。

四组词族 · 吃的、喝的、不舒服、怎么做

（可参看「食物健康词族」深化页）
Food & Health 高频词族（B1）
组核心词搭配/备注
主食与蛋白bread, rice, pasta, potato, meat, fish, chicken, egg, cheese, beans, tofu, cerealbread / rice 不可数
蔬果与零食apple, banana, orange, vegetable, salad, fruit, crisps, chocolate, biscuit, cake, sweet, nutfruit 总称不可数
饮料water, juice, milk, tea, coffee, fizzy drink, lemonade, smoothie, alcoholfizzy drink = 碳酸饮料
症状与身体headache, stomach ache, toothache, cold, flu, fever, cough, sore throat, tired, ill, sick, dizzy, allergyhave a headache / a cold
健康动作exercise, work out, go for a run, sleep well, relax, diet, lose weight, put on weight, vitamins, balanced dietdo exercise（不可数）
高频陷阱

① ill vs sick：英式 ill = 生病（形容词）；sick 常指"恶心想吐"（I feel sick）。美式 sick = 生病。PET 以英式为主。

② have a cold / have got a cold：感冒要加 a——I have a cold。不能说 I have cold。

③ exercise 不可数：I do exercise（不加 s）；具体一项运动 an exercise / exercises（复数）。

④ 食物可数 vs 不可数：bread / rice / pasta / fruit 不可数；apple / banana / crisp / sweet 可数。PET 完形最爱挖这个空。

03

语法延展 · should / must / have to 情态家族

Modal Verbs: should, must, have to
"应该/必须/不必"是 B1 语法最绕的一块：should 表建议、must 表说话人强义务、have to 表外部要求，否定形式 should(n't) / mustn't / don't have to 三个意思完全不同。这一章把整张"情态地图"一次画清。

情态动词家族对照表

建议、义务、禁止、不必
形式含义例子
should + 原形应该（建议，语气弱）You should eat more vegetables.
shouldn't + 原形不应该（建议别做）You shouldn't eat three pizzas a week.
must + 原形必须（说话人/规则强义务）You mustn't skip breakfast. / You must finish by 6.
mustn't + 原形禁止（千万不要）You mustn't touch the medicine.
have to + 原形不得不（外部要求）I have to get up at 6 tomorrow.
don't have to + 原形不必（= 没必要做）You don't have to stop pizza completely.
can / could可以/能（能力/许可）You can have a burger at weekends.
最高频陷阱：三个否定，三个意思

① shouldn't = 不应该（建议）：You shouldn't drink coffee at night.（我建议你别）

② mustn't = 禁止（红线）：You mustn't take this medicine without a doctor.（绝对不行）

③ don't have to = 不必（可做可不做）：You don't have to come if you're tired.（想来就来，不想来也行）

④ must vs have to：must = 说话人觉得必须（主观）；have to = 外部规定（客观）。学校规定"必须穿校服"用 have to；医生说"你必须戒烟"用 must。

⑤ 考试怎么考：PET 阅读 Part 5 完形最爱挖 mustn't / don't have to。上下文是"禁令/危险"选 mustn't；是"可做可不做"选 don't have to。

情态动词的"语法死规则"

情态动词共同规则（B1 必背）
规则说明
后接动词原形must go / should eat（不加 to，不加 -s，不加 -ing）
否定直接加 notshould not = shouldn't；must not = mustn't
疑问把情态提前Should I...? / Must you...? / Can she...?
第三人称不加 -sHe must go. / She should eat.（不能 He musts）
have to 有人称变化He has to go. / I have to go.（它是实义动词组）

情景操练

即学即用

练习1（选词）：① You ___ smoke in the hospital.（mustn't / don't have to） ② You ___ pay if you're under 12 — it's free.（mustn't / don't have to） ③ You ___ eat more vegetables.（should / mustn't） ④ I ___ wear a uniform at school.（have to / shouldn't）

练习2（三否定翻译）：① 你不必来早。 ② 你不能碰这个药。 ③ 你不该喝太多咖啡。

练习3（改错）：① He musts go now. ② You don't must eat that. ③ I should to see a doctor.

练习4（写自己的话）：用 should / mustn't / don't have to 各写一句给朋友的健康建议。

查看参考答案
  • 练习1：① mustn't（医院禁烟=禁止）　② don't have to（12 岁以下免费=不必付）　③ should（建议多吃菜）　④ have to（学校规定穿校服）
  • 练习2：① You don't have to arrive early.　② You mustn't touch this medicine.　③ You shouldn't drink too much coffee.
  • 练习3：① He must go（情态不加 s）　② You don't have to / mustn't eat that（否定不用 don't must）　③ I should see（should 后不加 to）
  • 练习4（示范）：You should sleep eight hours a night. You mustn't skip breakfast. You don't have to give up chocolate completely.
04

功能句型 · 给健康建议与写 Email

Giving Health Advice
"给建议"横跨 PET 写作 Part 1 Email 和口语 Part 4。三套模板 + 医生—病人对话 + Email 范文骨架。

三套句型模板

委婉建议
You should get more sleep.
You ought to drink more water.
Why don't you take a day off?
你应该多睡会儿。／你最好多喝水。／为什么不休息一天呢？
考点：should / ought to / Why don't you...?——PET 写作 Email 给建议的标准句，语气友好不生硬。
划红线
You mustn't eat sweets before bed.
You must take this medicine after meals.
Don't drink and drive.
你睡前不能吃糖。／你必须饭后吃这个药。／别酒后驾车。
考点：mustn't / must——PET 口语 Part 4 谈"健康规定"时的强语气。
留余地
You don't have to give up fast food completely.
You can have a burger once a month.
It's OK to have a cake sometimes.
你不必完全戒快餐。／一个月吃一次汉堡也行。／偶尔吃块蛋糕没关系。
考点：don't have to / can / It's OK to——好建议不极端，考官爱这种"有分寸"的表达。

场景对话 · 医生问诊

Doctor: What seems to be the problem?
Leo: I've had a headache for three days, and I feel tired all the time.
Doctor: How many hours do you sleep?
Leo: About five. I usually play computer games until midnight.
Doctor: Well, you should get at least eight hours. You mustn't stare at a screen an hour before bed.
Leo: But I have to finish my project.
Doctor: Then take breaks. You don't have to stop gaming completely, but you should change one thing at a time.
Leo: Like what?
Doctor: Tomorrow, stop an hour earlier. Come back and see me in two weeks.
医生：哪里不舒服？／Leo：我头疼三天了，而且一直觉得累。／医生：你睡几小时？／Leo：大概五小时。我通常打游戏到半夜。／医生：那你至少该睡八小时。睡前一小时不能盯着屏幕。／Leo：但我得做完项目。／医生：那就休息一下。你不必完全不打游戏，但一次改一件事。／Leo：比如？／医生：明天提前一小时停。两周后来复查。
得分点：① What seems to be the problem?（标准问诊句）；② should / mustn't / don't have to 三档语气全用上；③ 一次改一件事——真实建议，不极端。

Email 骨架 · 建议朋友健康生活

（可参看「健康建议句型」深化页）

论100 词 Email 三段式（建议类）

开头（20 词）：Hi Tom, sorry to hear you've been feeling tired. I had the same problem last month!（共情开场）

中间（60 词）：三条建议——① You should...；② You mustn't...；③ You don't have to...。每条一句，语气从轻到重再到留余地。

结尾（20 词）：Try one small change first. Write soon and tell me how it goes! Best, Leo.

考试怎么考：PET 写作 Part 1 建议类 Email 是高频题型；情态动词三档语气全用上，就是考官要的"语域恰当"。

05

PET 考点 · Food & Health 怎么考 + 自测

Exam Focus & Self-test
饮食与健康横跨 PET 阅读广告、完形、写作 Email、口语 Part 4。考点表 + 8 题自测 + 路线图。

考点分布表

Food & Health 考点
卷子/题型题型示例应对策略
Reading Part 2广告配对：哪种套餐/食品适合哪个人抓症状词 + 食物词
Reading Part 5完形：should / mustn't / don't have to判断语气：建议/禁止/不必
Writing Part 1Email 100 词：建议朋友改善饮食三档语气 + 三条建议
Listening Part 3听对话：医生说患者该做什么抓 should / must / don't have to
Speaking Part 4讨论"年轻人健康习惯"用 I think young people should... 表态

本单元自测 · 8 题

PET Food & Health 自测

1（选词）：You ___ take photos in the museum. It's forbidden.（mustn't / don't have to）

2（选择）：You ___ be 18 to drive a car. A. should　B. must　C. don't have to

3（易混）：I have a ___. (headache / head ache)

4（改错）：He shoulds go to bed earlier.

5（阅读判断）："You don't have to stop eating crisps — just don't eat them every day." —— The doctor says Leo mustn't eat crisps. A. Right　B. Wrong　C. Doesn't say

6（听力）：听到 "You should drink more water, and you mustn't skip breakfast." —— 医生给了哪两条建议？

7（写作）：用 should + don't have to 写两句给朋友的饮食建议。

8（口语）：用三句话回答：Do young people in your country have a healthy diet?

查看参考答案
  • 1：mustn't（forbidden = 禁止）
  • 2：B（法定年龄 = 强义务）
  • 3：headache（一个词，合写）
  • 4：He should go（情态不加 s）
  • 5：B（don't have to = 不必；mustn't = 禁止，意思相反）
  • 6：① 多喝水（should drink more water）；② 不能不吃早饭（mustn't skip breakfast）
  • 7（示范）：You should eat more vegetables. You don't have to give up chocolate completely.
  • 8（示范）：I don't think so. Many young people eat too much fast food. They should cook at home more often, but they don't have to be perfect — a small change is enough.
自评：错 2 题以上，回第 3 章重读"三个否定"对照表。

PET 后半程路线图

论U6 之后，PET 还剩什么

语法升级：情态动词拿下后，U7 进条件句（if + 现在时, will...）——和 U5 的 will 直接打通；U8 进被动语态，情态动词会以 must be done / should be done 的形式再登场。

词汇升级：从"饮食健康"扩展到"自然环境""科技通讯"两个话题，每个 60-80 词。

考试升级：建议类 Email 已经练熟；接下来要开始练 PET 写作 Part 2（100 词故事/文章），这是比 Email 更开放的题型。

现在就做：把 should / mustn't / don't have to 三否定练到条件反射，下一站是 PET Unit 7（Natural World & Environment），我们用 if 条件句聊环保。

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