第一课的小目标学完这一课，你要能做到三件事：① 看到 yesterday / last week / ...ago 立刻用过去时；② 看到 just / already / yet / ever / since / for 立刻用完成时；③ 写 3 句对比句子全对，不再在完形里丢这 1 分。
② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）
这张图就是本课的完整地图：完成时 vs 过去时 总共 5 大块，先有地图再走路，学起来不迷路。
完成时 vs 过去时 完整体系
→
形式对比
have/has+p.p.
V-ed/不规则
did 疑问否定
→
时间标志
yesterday/ago
last week
just/already/yet
→
含义差别
经历到现在
影响现在
过去已结束
→
for vs since
for+时长
since+时间点
since+句子
→
PET 考点
Part 5 完形
Writing Email
Speaking 经历
读法：从根出发，5 大块顺序走。每块下面是小节点，全记住你这一课就通关了。
③ 先认识它：这两个时态到底差在哪
一句话：一般过去时是"拍一张过去的照片"，现在完成时是"把过去的事和现在连起来"。
Unit 1 课文：Last month I had an argument.（有具体时间 last month → 过去时）；紧接着 We haven't argued since.（从那以后到现在都没吵 → 完成时）。同一件事，一个给时间点，一个连现在，时态就不同。
为什么它是 PET 完形必考点PET Reading Part 5 完形每年都挖 1-2 个时态空。上下文出现 yesterday / last / ago，直接选过去式；出现 already / yet / just / ever / since，直接选 have/has + 过去分词。会判断 = 白捡的分。
have been to vs have gone to（B1 拔高）I have been to Paris.（去过，人已回来）；She has gone to Paris.（去了，人还在那儿）。口语 Part 1 谈旅行经历高频。
从 KET 到 PET 的进阶提醒KET（A2）要求"能认出、能填对"；PET（B1）要求"会用、会说、会写"。同一个知识点，A2 只考单选，B1 还要你在 email 和口语里主动输出。所以这一课别停留在"看懂"，一定要把第 ⑧ΣA; 部分的句子大声说出来、写一遍。评分也更严：语法错一个、漏一个要点，写作分就往下掉一档。
④ 完整对比表：形式 / 时间标志 / 含义
两时态形式对照
句型
一般过去时
现在完成时
肯定
I saw him yesterday.
I have seen him before.
否定
I didn't see him.
I haven't seen him.
疑问
Did you see him?
Have you seen him?
第三人称
He went out.
He has gone out.
时间标志词一出现就定时态
标志词
用哪个时态
例句
yesterday / last week / ...ago / in 2019
一般过去时
I met him yesterday.
just（刚刚）
现在完成时
I've just seen him.
already（已经，肯定句）
现在完成时
She's already left.
yet（还没，否定/疑问末）
现在完成时
Have you finished yet?
ever / never（曾经/从未）
现在完成时
Have you ever been to Japan?
since + 时间点 / for + 时长
现在完成时
I've lived here for 5 years / since 2020.
for vs since 一秒分for + 一段时间（for two days / for ten years）；since + 时间点（since 2020 / since last month / since I was a child）。看到数字时长选 for，看到起点选 since。
⑤ 五类高频场景（配图记忆）
场景
例句
为什么用这个时态
1 讲上次做过的事（给时间）
I watched a film last night.
有 last night → 过去时
2 讲经历（不给时间）
I have watched that film twice.
到现在为止的经历 → 完成时
3 刚刚发生
She's just left the office.
just → 完成时
4 从过去持续到现在
We have known each other since 2015.
since + 起点 → 完成时
5 过去的事影响现在
I 've lost my phone.（现在没手机用）
强调现在结果 → 完成时
this week / today 怎么选？this week 如果这周还没过完（到现在为止）→ 完成时：I have seen him three times this week. 如果这周已经结束（如周日晚上复盘上周）→ 过去时。考试里 this morning 若说话时还是早上，多用完成时。
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1：有 yesterday 还用完成时 ✗ I have seen him yesterday. → ✓ I saw him yesterday. yesterday 是具体过去时间，完成时绝不能和它连用。
错误 2：疑问句多加 did ✗ Did you have eaten? → ✓ Have you eaten? 完成时疑问把 have/has 提前，不加 did。
错误 3：for / since 用反 ✗ I've lived here since five years. → ✓ I've lived here for five years. 一段时间用 for；时间点用 since。
错误 4：过去分词写成过去式 ✗ I have saw him. → ✓ I have seen him. / She has gone (not went). 完成时必须用过去分词：go-went-gone，see-saw-seen。
错误 5：been to / gone to 混 ✗ She has been to Paris — she's still there. → ✓ She has gone to Paris. been to = 去过已回；gone to = 去了未回。
⑦ PET 考点与真题演练
题型
怎么考
应对
Reading Part 5 完形
挖 have/has + p.p. 或 V-ed 空，给时间标志词
先圈时间词，再定时态
Reading Part 3 匹配
人物谈经历，抓 have been to / have ever
经历题用完成时信号
Writing Part 6 email
谈最近做了什么 / 认识某人多久
already / since / for 各踩一个
Listening Part 2
听对话分辨动作发生在过去还是到现在
抓 just / yet / ago
Speaking Part 1
"Have you ever...?" 答经历
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. 补细节
真题风格演练（PET 出题方式）
真题风格 · PET Reading Part 5 完形I (1) ______ (know) my best friend since we were children. Last month we (2) ______ (fall) out, but we (3) ______ (make up) already.
(1) have known（since + 时间点，到现在）；(2) fell（last month 具体时间）；(3) have made up（already 信号，到现在已和好）。
真题风格 · PET Speaking Part 1考官问："Have you ever been to another country?" 你怎么答？
参考：Yes, I have. I have been to Thailand twice. / No, I haven't. I have never travelled abroad, but I want to go next year.（用 been to 说经历，别用 went）
真题风格 · PET Writing Part 6 email写一句：你认识你最好的朋友多久了？（用 since 或 for）
参考：I have known my best friend since primary school — that's more than eight years!（since + 起点，for + 时长都可）
考场提分提醒完形里先找时间标志词再选时态，这是最稳的顺序。看到 yesterday / last / ago / in + 过去年份，闭眼选过去式；看到 just / already / yet / ever / never / since / for，闭眼选 have/has + 过去分词。写作 Email 谈经历，主动用 I have been to... / I have known... since...，比 I went to... 更像 B1。
PET（B1）四部分速查
部分
时间
题量
与本课关系
Reading & Writing
1 小时 45 分
阅读 5 部分 + 写作 2 题
本课语法/词汇是 Part 5 完形与 Part 6 email 的得分点
Listening
约 12 分钟
4 部分，听两遍
抓本课信号词即可定位答案
Speaking
10-12 分钟
4 部分（含搭档）
本课背诵句直接用于 Part 2 独白与 Part 3 讨论
写作 Part 6 email 要求约 100 词、必须覆盖题目三个要点；口语 Part 2 个人独白约 1-2 分钟，Part 3 要和搭档互动（附和、提问、商量），不能各说各话。
3. She has already finished her homework. 她已经做完作业了。
4. Have you spoken to him yet? 你跟他说了吗？
5. I 've just had breakfast. 我刚吃过早饭。
6. I saw him yesterday. 我昨天见到他了。
7. We fell out last month. 我们上个月闹翻了。
8. Have you ever been to Japan? 你去过日本吗？
9. I 've lost my phone — I can't find it. 我手机丢了——找不到。
10. She has gone to the shops; she'll be back soon. 她去商店了，很快回。
谈一段友谊 / 一次旅行经历（PET Speaking Part 2 个人独白直接套）
I have known my best friend since primary school, so we have known each other for more than ten years. Last month, we fell out over a small thing, but we have made up already. I have just sent her a message. I have never had a friend like her, and I hope we will stay friends forever.
ΣA; 口语练习：说出来才算会
PET Writing Part 1 email 万能开头/结尾（约 100 词三段式）开头：Hi Tom, thanks for your email — it was great to hear from you! 中间：题目给的三个要点，每个一句，用上本课语法/词汇。结尾：Write soon and tell me your news! Best wishes, Leo. 记住：三个要点缺一不可，否则扣分。
练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着上面背诵卡读 3 遍：第一遍慢读看发音，第二遍正常速度，第三遍不看文字凭记忆说。
PET Speaking Part 2 个人独白万能开头/结尾（1-2 分钟）开头：I'd like to talk about... / The thing I want to tell you about is...；中间用 First of all... Also... But I think... 串两三个点；结尾：So, that's why I like it. Thank you for listening. 记住：别只说一句，要给例子、给理由，撑满 1 分钟。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: How long have you lived here? → A: I have lived here for ten years.
Q: Have you ever been abroad? → A: Yes, I have. I have been to Thailand twice.
Q: Did you go out last night? → A: No, I didn't. I stayed at home.
Examiner: How long have you known your best friend? You: I've known him since secondary school — for about six years now. Examiner: Have you ever had an argument? You: Yes, we fell out last month, but we've made up already. We've just started messaging again.
参考：I watched a great film yesterday. I have already finished my project this week. I have just cleaned my room.
挑战 18翻译：我认识她八年了，我们从没吵过架。
I have known her for eight years, and we have never had an argument.
ΣC; 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀① 看到 yesterday/last/ago，过去时；看到 just/already/yet/ever/since/for，完成时。 ② for 加时长，since 加起点；been to 去过已回，gone to 去了未回。 ③ 完成时必须用过去分词：have seen / has gone / have made。