第一课的小目标学完这一课，你要能做到三件事：① 用四组正反性格词夸/评一个人；② 正确区分 interested / interesting 这类 -ed/-ing 形容词；③ 用 get on with、fall out、make up 说清你和朋友/家人的关系变化，30 秒不卡壳。
② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）
这张图就是本课的完整地图：性格词族 总共 5 大块，先有地图再走路，学起来不迷路。
性格词族 完整体系
→
社交维度
outgoing
sociable
shy
reserved
→
靠谱维度
reliable
organised
careless
irresponsible
→
脾气维度
patient
easy-going
moody
stubborn
→
待人维度
generous
honest
loyal
selfish
→
关系短语
get on with
fall out
make up
keep in touch
读法：从根出发，5 大块顺序走。每块下面是小节点，全记住你这一课就通关了。
③ 先认识它：性格词族到底是什么
一句话：性格形容词是用来描述"一个人怎么样"的词，它不是外貌（那是 tall / dark hair），而是这个人做事、待人的方式。PET 考官最喜欢你"形容词 + 一个具体例子"，比如 She's really reliable — whenever I need help, she's always there.
Unit 1 课文里你认识了 Jake：他被形容成 the most reliable person I have ever met。光说 He is nice 是 A2 水平，能说出 reliable / easy-going / generous 再补个例子，就是 B1。
为什么它是 PET 口语第一话题口语 Part 1 常问 "Tell me about someone in your family"，Part 3 让你和搭档讨论朋友怎么相处。没有性格词，你只能说 He is good；有了这组词，你能说出 He's quite shy but really generous，立刻拉开档次。
形容词后面接什么① be + 形容词：She is outgoing. ② 形容词 + 名词：a reliable friend。③ 形容词 + 介词：good at / interested in / afraid of。别漏介词。
从 KET 到 PET 的进阶提醒KET（A2）要求"能认出、能填对"；PET（B1）要求"会用、会说、会写"。同一个知识点，A2 只考单选，B1 还要你在 email 和口语里主动输出。所以这一课别停留在"看懂"，一定要把第 ⑧ΣA; 部分的句子大声说出来、写一遍。评分也更严：语法错一个、漏一个要点，写作分就往下掉一档。
④ 完整词表：四组正反对照 + 关系短语
四组性格形容词（褒 / 反对照）
维度
褒义（正面）
贬义（反面）
例句
社交
outgoing 外向的 / sociable 好交际的 / friendly 友好的
shy 害羞的 / reserved 内向的 / quiet 安静的
My best friend is really outgoing — she talks to everyone.
靠谱
reliable 可靠的 / responsible 负责的 / organised 有条理的
careless 粗心的 / irresponsible 不负责任的 / untidy 邋遢的
Jake is the most reliable person I have ever met.
脾气
patient 有耐心的 / calm 沉着的 / easy-going 随和的
impatient 急躁的 / moody 情绪化的 / stubborn 固执的
Our teacher is very patient — she never shouts.
待人
generous 大方的 / honest 诚实的 / loyal 忠诚的
mean 小气的 / dishonest 不诚实的 / selfish 自私的
It was generous of him to pay for everyone.
关系动词短语（口语 Part 3 命脉）
短语
意思
例句
get on (well) with sb
和某人相处融洽
I get on really well with my cousin.
fall out (with sb)
和某人闹翻、吵架
We fell out last month over a stupid thing.
make up (with sb)
和好、和解
We made up after two days.
keep in touch (with)
保持联系
We keep in touch by messaging every day.
grow up
长大、成长
I have lived here since I grew up.
-ed 还是 -ing？一秒判断形容"人感到……"用 -ed（I am interested / She is bored）；形容"事物令人……"用 -ing（The film is interesting / He is boring）。但注意：说"这个人令人觉得有趣"也可以用 interesting（He is interesting = 他这个人很有趣）。
⑤ 五类用法场景全解（配图记忆）
场景
例句
记忆点
1 夸朋友靠谱
He's really reliable — he always helps me.
破折号 + 具体例子，写作加分
2 说某人内向
She's quite shy, but kind once you know her.
but 转折，让评价更立体
3 吐槽小缺点
My brother is really careless — he loses his keys.
口语 Part 3 谈缺点很自然
4 谈关系变化
We fell out, but we've made up now.
现在完成时 + 关系短语
5 评价家人
My dad's very easy-going; nothing upsets him.
分号连接两个评价
get on 后面用副词 well，不用形容词 good正确：I get on well with her. 错误：I get on good with her. 因为 get on 是动作，要用副词修饰。听力里常听到 get on really well / get on quite badly。
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1：interested / interesting 用反 ✗ I am interesting in music. → ✓ I am interested in music.（我"感到"用 -ed） 人作主语、说感受 → -ed；事物作主语、说"令人…" → -ing。
错误 2：get on 后面用 good ✗ I get on good with her. → ✓ I get on well with her. well 是副词，修饰"相处"这个动作；good 是形容词，不能修饰动词。
错误 3：只说 nice，不给具体例子 ✗ He is nice. → ✓ He's really reliable — he always helps me with homework. PET 口语/写作要"形容词 + 例子"，光一个 nice 是 A2。
错误 4：fall out / make up 时态错 ✗ We fall out last month. → ✓ We fell out last month.（last month 用过去式） fall-fell-fallen；现在说"到现在没和好"用完成时 We haven't made up.
错误 5：形容人乱用 -ing 贬义词 ✗ He is boring, but I like him.（若想说"他觉得无聊"）→ ✓ He is bored in class. boring = 他这个人令人无聊；bored = 他感到无聊。意思差很远。
⑦ PET 考点与真题演练
题型
怎么考
应对
Reading Part 2 多选搭配
5 段人物介绍 × 8 个活动/广告，靠性格词匹配
先画每段性格关键词（reliable / shy / generous）
Reading Part 5 完形
短文中挖性格形容词或 get on / fall out 空
看上下文褒贬定褒义词/贬义词
Writing Part 6 email
写信给朋友介绍一个你熟悉的人
用"形容词 + 破折号例子"句式
Listening Part 2 多选
听五个人谈朋友，抓性格与关系词
抓 get on / fall out / make up 信号词
Speaking Part 1/3
介绍熟人、讨论朋友矛盾
备 2 个褒义 + 1 个贬义性格词
真题风格演练（PET 出题方式）
真题风格 · PET Reading Part 2 多选搭配五个人想参加俱乐部：Anna is quite shy and doesn't like big parties, but she loves animals. 哪个俱乐部最适合她？ A. 大型派对舞会馆 B. 小型猫咪领养志愿小组 C. 公开演讲训练营 D. 团队拔河比赛
真题风格 · PET Reading Part 5 完形My best friend Jake is really (1) ______ — whenever I forget my lunch, he shares his. Last month we (2) ______ over a game, but we (3) ______ the next day.
(1) generous（分享食物 = 大方）；(2) fell out（last month 用过去式，吵架）；(3) made up（第二天和好）。
真题风格 · PET Writing Part 6 email你要写信给英国笔友，介绍一位你很熟的家人。请写出 2 个性格形容词 + 1 个破折号例子。
参考：My mum is really patient and very organised. She's patient — she helps me with homework every evening, and she organises all our family trips.（两个形容词 + 破折号例子，B1 标准）
考场提分提醒PET 写作介绍人时，考官爱看"两个不同维度的形容词"——一个社交（outgoing/shy）、一个靠谱（reliable/careless），再补一个 whenever / but 从句。别堆三个 nice / good，那是 A2。口语 Part 3 讨论矛盾时，主动说 We fell out... but we made up，搭档会眼前一亮。
PET（B1）四部分速查
部分
时间
题量
与本课关系
Reading & Writing
1 小时 45 分
阅读 5 部分 + 写作 2 题
本课语法/词汇是 Part 5 完形与 Part 6 email 的得分点
Listening
约 12 分钟
4 部分，听两遍
抓本课信号词即可定位答案
Speaking
10-12 分钟
4 部分（含搭档）
本课背诵句直接用于 Part 2 独白与 Part 3 讨论
写作 Part 6 email 要求约 100 词、必须覆盖题目三个要点；口语 Part 2 个人独白约 1-2 分钟，Part 3 要和搭档互动（附和、提问、商量），不能各说各话。
1. She's really reliable — she always helps me. 她特别可靠——总帮我。
2. My best friend is quite shy, but very kind. 我闺蜜挺害羞，但人很好。
3. He's the most generous person I know. 他是我认识最大方的人。
4. My brother is a bit careless — he loses his keys. 我哥有点粗心——老丢钥匙。
5. Our teacher is very patient; she never shouts. 我们老师很有耐心，从不吼人。
6. I get on really well with my cousin. 我和我表姐相处得特别好。
7. We fell out last month, but we've made up now. 我们上个月闹翻了，但现在和好了。
8. We still keep in touch by messaging every day. 我们还每天发消息保持联系。
9. He's quite stubborn — he never changes his mind. 他挺固执——从不改主意。
10. It was generous of him to pay for everyone. 他给所有人买单，真大方。
介绍一位你熟悉的人（PET Speaking Part 2 个人独白 1-2 分钟直接套）
The person I know best is my best friend Jake. He's really reliable and very easy-going. Whenever I have a problem, he's always there to listen. We have known each other since secondary school, so we get on really well. Of course, we sometimes fall out over small things, but we always make up after a day or two. Now we keep in touch online every day.
ΣA; 口语练习：说出来才算会
PET Writing Part 1 email 万能开头/结尾（约 100 词三段式）开头：Hi Tom, thanks for your email — it was great to hear from you! 中间：题目给的三个要点，每个一句，用上本课语法/词汇。结尾：Write soon and tell me your news! Best wishes, Leo. 记住：三个要点缺一不可，否则扣分。
练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着上面背诵卡读 3 遍：第一遍慢读看发音，第二遍正常速度，第三遍不看文字凭记忆说。
PET Speaking Part 2 个人独白万能开头/结尾（1-2 分钟）开头：I'd like to talk about... / The thing I want to tell you about is...；中间用 First of all... Also... But I think... 串两三个点；结尾：So, that's why I like it. Thank you for listening. 记住：别只说一句，要给例子、给理由，撑满 1 分钟。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: What is your best friend like? → A: She's really outgoing and very generous.
Q: Do you get on well with your brother? → A: Yes, we get on really well, though we sometimes fall out.
Q: Have you ever fallen out with a friend? → A: Yes, we fell out last month, but we made up soon.
口语评分自查说完后对 3 条：① 用了两个不同维度的性格词吗？② 有没有破折号补一个具体例子？③ get on 后是 well 不是 good？三条全过 = 这关过了。
考场示范对话（读熟就能套）
Examiner: Tell me about someone in your family you like. You: I'd like to talk about my older cousin. She's really outgoing and very reliable. She always helps me with my English. Examiner: Do you get on well? You: Yes, we get on really well. We sometimes fall out over silly things, but we make up the next day. We keep in touch every day.
基础 1填空（褒/反）：My dad is very p______ — he waits for me and never gets angry.
patient。有耐心、不发火。
基础 2填空：She's really o______ — she talks to everyone at parties.
outgoing。外向。
基础 3选词（interested / interesting）：The film is very ______.
interesting。电影"令人"有趣，事物作主语用 -ing。
基础 4选词（interested / interesting）：I am ______ in history.
interested。我"感到"感兴趣，人作主语用 -ed。
基础 5翻译：我和我朋友相处得很好。
I get on (really) well with my friend. 注意 well 是副词。
基础 6改错：We fall out last week.
We fell out last week. last week 用过去式 fell。
进阶 7选词：My brother is very ______ — he never shares his snacks. (generous / mean)
mean。不分享 = 小气。
进阶 8选词：My uncle never changes his opinion — he's really ______. (stubborn / easy-going)
stubborn。从不改主意 = 固执。
进阶 9填空（关系短语）：We had an argument, but we ______ ______ two days later.
made up。和好。
进阶 10改写：He is very kind. He always helps me.（用破折号连接）
He's really kind — he always helps me.
进阶 11完形（PET Part 5 风格）：Lucy is (1) ______ (外向) and loves meeting people. She is also very (2) ______ (可靠), so people trust her. Last week she (3) ______ (闹翻) with her flatmate, but they have (4) ______ (和好) now.
(1) outgoing；(2) reliable；(3) fell out（last week 过去式）；(4) made up（have 后用过去分词）。
进阶 12选词：I am ______ (boring / bored) in this lesson — can we change activity?
bored。我"感到"无聊。
挑战 13PET 改写句：He is generous. He paid for all of us.（用 It was generous...）
It was generous of him to pay for all of us.
挑战 14开放完形：My best friend is very ______ (有条理的); she always plans everything ______ advance.
organised；in advance（in advance 提前）。
挑战 15写作小练（PET Part 6 风格，2-3 句）：介绍一位老师，用两个性格词 + 一个例子。
参考：My English teacher is very patient and very organised. She's patient — she explains grammar three times if we don't understand.
挑战 16改错（3 处）：I get on good with my friend. We fall out last month, but we make up now. She is boring in class.
① good → well；② fall → fell（last month）；③ boring → bored（她感到无聊）。
挑战 17口语连线：用 3 句说你和一个家人/朋友最近一次闹矛盾又和好的经历。
参考：Last month I fell out with my best friend because I forgot her birthday. We didn't talk for two days, then we made up. Now we keep in touch as usual.
挑战 18翻译：他挺内向，但熟悉之后非常诚实、忠诚。
He's quite reserved/shy, but once you get to know him, he's very honest and loyal.
ΣC; 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀① 形容人两招：维度词 + 破折号例子。 ② 人感到用 -ed，物令人用 -ing；get on 后面用 well。 ③ 闹翻 fall out，和好 make up，联系 keep in touch——三个短语串起一段关系。