这个单元有 5 章：原创课文"预科班里的一群人"、词汇延展（人物性格与社会词族）、语法延展（关系从句 who/which/that/whose 与限定/非限定）、功能句型（写作 Essay 表态 + 口语 Part 3 讨论人物）、FCE 考点与 8 题自测。
学完你能：用关系从句把两句合成一句，写出"那个改变了我看法的人"这类 B2 级句子；分辨限定从句（不要逗号）和非限定从句（要逗号）；在 Essay 里描述社会现象时不掉链子。
预计时间：1 周。
衔接说明：这是 FCE 的起点。你在 PET 已经会 who/which 的基础定语从句，本单元把它升级成 B2 的"限定 vs 非限定 + whose + 介词+which"。
人物单元 = 性格词族 + 关系从句。课文带你看预科班 narrator 眼里的同学和导师，词汇按"性格/社会关系/描述"分组，语法攻克"限定 vs 非限定"这道 B2 门槛。
主题课文 · 预科班里的一群人
课文 · The People Who Shaped My Year
（可参看「关系从句」深化页）课文精讲 · B2 怎么把两句并成一句
论为什么这段课文是"关系从句教材"
原 PET 写法（两句）：Mara is a classmate. She comes from Lisbon. / I was nervous. I didn't know the people.
B2 写法（并成一句）：Mara is a classmate who comes from Lisbon. / I was nervous about the people who I would share the year with.
升级点 1 — whose 表"他的/她的"：a classmate whose laugh filled the room（一个笑声满屋子的同学）。whose = of whom，把"她的笑声"嵌进句子。
升级点 2 — 非限定从句（逗号）：Dr Iyer, who ran seminars..., was our tutor. 这里的 who 前后有逗号，因为"他主持研讨课"是补充说明，不是限定"哪一个导师"。
考试怎么考：FCE Use of English Part 4 关键词转换常考"两句并一句"——把 He is a friend. I trust him. 改成 He is a friend who/that I trust。
① feel at home 有归属感、自在（The first person who made me feel at home）
② judge someone 评判某人（never judged me）
③ by contrast 相比之下（对比连接词，Essay 高频）
④ first impression 第一印象
⑤ push someone to do 推动某人做（pushed me to think deeper）
词汇延展 · 性格与社会词族
三组词族 · 性格、社会关系、动词名词化
（可参看「性格人物词族」深化页）| 组 | 核心词 | 搭配/备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 正面性格 | confident, generous, reliable, thoughtful, enthusiastic, patient, ambitious, sincere | She's reliable — you can count on her |
| 负面性格 | arrogant, selfish, insensitive, stubborn, moody, unreliable, distant, prejudiced | prejudiced about = 对…有偏见 |
| 中性观察 | reserved, outgoing, shy, quiet, talkative, easy-going, ambitious, laid-back | reserved ≠ rude，只是不外露 |
| 社会关系 | classmate, colleague, neighbour, acquaintance, peer, mentor, generation, community | acquaintance 认识但不熟；peer 同龄人 |
| 词族转换 | act→action→active→activist; sociology→social→society; discriminate→discrimination | Part 3 词形转换直接考 |
① sociable vs social：sociable = 人爱交际（He's sociable）；social = 社会的/社交的活动（social media, social problems）。别写 He's a very social person。
② prejudiced 要加 about/towards：prejudiced about people who are different（对…有偏见），不是 prejudiced with。
③ lonely vs alone：alone = 独自一人（状态中性）；lonely = 孤独的（情绪负面）。课文里 Josh 是 alone in class，但不是 lonely。
④ reserved ≠ arrogant：reserved 是"话少、不外露"，中性偏褒；arrogant 是"傲慢"，贬义。Essay 评价人物别混用。
语法延展 · 关系从句（who/which/that/whose）
关系代词全表
| 代词 | 指什么 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| who / that | 指人（主语/宾语） | The friend who/that helped me was Mara. |
| which / that | 指物（主语/宾语） | The seminar which/that changed me was Dr Iyer's. |
| whose | 指"他的/她的/它的" | Josh, whose essays were brilliant, rarely spoke. |
| whom | 指人（正式，介词后） | the tutor to whom I wrote（口语用 who） |
| where | 指地点 | the room where we met |
| when | 指时间 | the year when I arrived |
限定 vs 非限定 · 一道逗号的事
| 类型 | 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 限定性（不补全就不懂） | 无逗号；可用 that；宾语关系代词可省略 | The students who failed the exam took it again.（哪些学生？→ 没考过的那些） |
| 非限定性（补充说明） | 前后逗号；不能用 that；不可省略 | Mara, who comes from Lisbon, is my friend.（Mara 只有一个，这只是补充她从哪来） |
① 非限定从句里不能用 that：❌ My tutor, that is very kind, helps me. → ✅ My tutor, who is very kind, helps me。看到逗号就别用 that。
② whose 不指人也指物：a company whose products are expensive（一家产品很贵的公司）——whose 可以指物的"它的"。
③ 介词 + which/whom：the topic about which we argued = the topic (which) we argued about。正式写作用前者，口语用后者。
考试怎么考：Use of English Part 4：He is the friend. I trust him. → He is the friend who/that I trust（2–5 词）。
情景操练
即学即用
练习1（选关系词）：① The student ___ sat next to me is from Brazil. ② Mara, ___ laugh filled the room, was my first friend. ③ This is the town ___ I grew up. ④ The book ___ I bought yesterday is excellent.（可省吗？）
练习2（并句）：① I met a woman. She speaks five languages. → I met a woman ___. ② That's the tutor. His seminars were amazing. → That's the tutor ___ seminars were amazing.
练习3（改错）：① My best friend, that lives next door, is very kind. ② People which live alone are often lonely. ③ Josh, who essays were brilliant, rarely spoke.
练习4（写自己的话）：用 whose 写一句描述一个你认识的人（___, whose ___）。
查看参考答案
- 练习1：① who/that（限定） ② whose ③ where ④ which/that 或省略（限定宾语可省）
- 练习2：① who/that speaks five languages ② whose
- 练习3：① My best friend, who lives next door（逗号后不能用 that） ② People who live alone（指人用 who） ③ Josh, whose essays were brilliant（"他的论文"用 whose）
- 练习4（示范）：My neighbour, whose garden is always full of flowers, waves at me every morning.
功能句型 · Essay 表态 + 口语 Part 3 讨论人物
三套句型模板
There are those who argue that..., while others believe that...
As far as I am concerned, ...
It is often said that first impressions are reliable, but I would argue that ...
She is the kind of person who...
He is someone whose...
The person who influenced me most was..., because ...
I see what you mean, but don't you think that...?
That's a good point. How about...?
Shall we agree that...?
场景对话 · 口语 Part 3 协作讨论
Student A: Right, let's start. I think the people who have the biggest influence are parents. They're the ones who teach children their values.
Student B: I see what you mean, but don't you think that friends have even more influence, especially as teenagers get older?
Student A: That's a good point. What about teachers? They're people who spend hours with young people every day.
Student B: True, though I'd say teachers influence what you know, while friends influence who you are. Shall we agree that parents and friends matter most?
Student A: Agreed. Celebrities, in contrast, seem influential but don't really know us personally.
FCE 考点 · 人物社会主题怎么考 + 自测
考点分布表
| 卷子/部分 | 题型示例 | 应对策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Reading & Use Part 2 | 开放式完形：填 who/which/whose | 看先行词是人是物、是否"他的" |
| Reading & Use Part 3 | 词形转换：social→society, act→activist | 词族表背熟，判断要名词还是形容词 |
| Reading & Use Part 4 | 关键词转换：两句并一句（关系从句） | 2–5 词，意思不变 |
| Writing Part 1 | Essay：第一印象/名人影响是否可靠 | There are those who... + 表态 + 例证 |
| Speaking Part 3 | 讨论哪类人物影响力最大 | 互动回应 + 关系从句描述人物 |
本单元自测 · 8 题
人物社会自测
1（填空）：The tutor ___ seminar I enjoyed most was Dr Iyer.
2（选择）：Mara, ___ comes from Lisbon, was my first friend. A. that B. who C. which
3（词形转换）：He takes an active part in student ___. (social)
4（改错）：People which are shy can still be brilliant.
5（易混）：She lives ___ but she isn't ___. (alone / lonely)
6（并句，Part 4 风格）：That's the student. His essay won a prize.（用 whose，2–5 词）
7（写作）：用 There are those who argue that... 写一句 Essay 开头（话题：第一印象是否可靠）。
8（口语）：用 the kind of person who 描述一个对你影响大的人，说两句。
查看参考答案
- 1：whose（"他的研讨课"）
- 2：B（非限定从句有逗号，不能用 that）
- 3：society（student society 学生社团；social→society）
- 4：People who are shy（指人用 who）
- 5：alone...lonely（alone 独自；lonely 孤独）
- 6：That's the student whose essay won a prize.
- 7（示范）：There are those who argue that first impressions are usually accurate, while others believe they can be misleading.
- 8（示范）：My tutor is the kind of person who always pushes me to think deeper. He is someone whose questions changed how I see the world.
FCE 衔接 · 关系从句之后是什么
论从 B2 关系从句到 C1
本单元你拿下的：限定/非限定、whose、介词+which。这已经是 FCE Use of English 的主力考点。
CAE 会再加：非限定从句的嵌套（The book, which was written by a man who...）、关系从句省略主语分词化（The man standing by the door = who is standing）——这正是 Unit 6 分词结构的预告。
现在就做：把课文里的 5 个关系从句拆出来，遮住英文自己用中文复述，再合上中文重写一遍英文。
在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方
- 剑桥 First (FCE) 官方考试页（内含免费样题/真题下载）
- Cambridge English 免费学习资源
点进官方考试页可下载免费样题；本课程课文为同主题原创内容，知识点与官方大纲对齐。