TOEFL Junior · Unit 2 · A2

Unit 2 · 课外活动 After-school Activities

本单元语法主线：一般过去/过去进行。题型覆盖听力理解（校园对话/通知/讲座）、语言形式与含义（语法词汇四选一）、阅读理解（课文/广告/信件）。学完后建议进入 深化页：一般过去/过去进行。

01 主题语篇 · Reading & Listening

Last Saturday, our school soccer team played a match against Northfield Middle School. The game started at 2 o'clock. While we were warming up on the field, it suddenly began to rain. Our coach told us to wait under the shelter. Ten minutes later, the sun came out and we started playing. I scored a goal in the first half! While I was running towards the goal, another player tried to stop me, but I passed the ball to Tom. Tom kicked it into the net. The crowd cheered. We won 3-1. After the match, we were drinking juice in the locker room when the principal walked in. He gave us each a certificate. I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus home.
上周六，我们校足球队和北菲尔德中学踢了一场比赛。比赛 2 点开始。我们正在场上热身时，突然下起雨来。教练让我们到棚子下等。十分钟后太阳出来了，我们开始踢。上半场我进了一个球！我正朝球门跑的时候，另一个队员想拦我，但我把球传给了 Tom。Tom 一脚踢进网里。观众欢呼。我们 3 比 1 赢了。赛后我们正在更衣室喝果汁时，校长走了进来。他给我们每人发了一张证书。我累得在回家的大巴上睡着了。
核心词块：soccer team, match, warm up, score a goal, kick, net, crowd, cheer, certificate, locker room

02 词汇延展 · Word Expansion

运动社团
soccer team, basketball practice, tournament, coach, player, match, score, goal
score a goal 进球
艺术社团
band rehearsal, school play, art club, choir, instrument, stage, audience
rehearsal 排练
志愿活动
volunteer, community, charity, clean-up, recycle, donate
volunteer at = 在…做志愿
过去时间
last Saturday, yesterday, in 2020, when I was ten, then, after that
last + 时间用过去时
动作链
start, begin, suddenly, then, after that, finally
讲故事按时间顺序

03 语法延展 · Grammar (A2 爬坡)

一般过去时
过去完成的动作
The game started at 2. / I scored a goal.
过去进行时
过去某点正在进行
While we were warming up, it began to rain.
when vs while
while + 长动作进行；when + 短动作过去
While I was running, he stopped me.
不规则动词
go-went, run-ran, win-won, fall-fell
别写 runned/winned

⚠ 易错陷阱

  • ① when 和 while 别混： 长动作用 while + 过去进行（While I was running），短动作用 when + 一般过去（when the bell rang）。
  • ② 双写别漏： run → running（双写 n）；stop → stopped（双写 p）。
  • ③ be 动词过去： I/he/she/it 用 was；you/we/they 用 were。✗ We was playing. → ✓ We were playing.
  • 考试怎么考： While I ___ (walk) home, I ___ (see) a friend. 长动作用 was walking，短动作用 saw。

04 功能句型 · Functional Patterns

口语 · 讲一次活动经历
What did you do last weekend?
Last Saturday, I played a soccer match. While we were warming up, it started to rain.
一般过去讲做了什么，过去进行讲背景动作。
写作 · 社团招新广告
Are you looking for a fun activity? We meet every Friday after school. Last month, we performed at the school festival.
广告用一般现在说常规，过去时举例子。
听力 · 教练布置
While you were resting, the other team was practicing. Tomorrow we will run five laps.
过去进行对比两个同时进行的动作。

05 考点自测 · Self Check

1（填空）：
While I ___ (watch) TV, the phone rang.
查看答案
was watching（while + 长动作进行）
2（选择）：
We ___ a great match yesterday. A. win B. won C. were winning
查看答案
B（yesterday 一般过去 won）
3（填空）：
They ___ (play) basketball when it rained.
查看答案
were playing（when 短动作过去，主句长动作进行）
4（改错）：
When I was walk home, I met my friend.
查看答案
When I was walking home（was + doing）
5（易混）：
I ___ TV at 8 pm last night. (watched / was watching)
查看答案
was watching（at 8 pm last night 具体点用进行）
6（场景）：
用英语讲上周做的一件事（2 句，一般过去）。
查看答案
示范：Last Sunday I went to the park. We played frisbee.
7（听力）：
I ___ (read) a book when the lights went out. 填什么？
查看答案
was reading（when 从句 went out 短动作）
8（写作）：
写 3 句描述你参加过的一次课外活动（用 while 连接）。
查看答案
示范：Last month I joined the art club. While I was painting, my teacher helped me. We finished the poster.

06 拓展阅读 · Extended Passage（听力原稿风格）

Last Friday, our class went on a field trip to the city museum. We left school at 8 o'clock and took a bus. The bus ride took about forty minutes. When we arrived, a guide named Mr. Lee showed us around. He told us about old coins and pottery from hundreds of years ago. I was looking at a very old bowl when my friend Tom suddenly pointed at a dinosaur skeleton. We were taking photos when the guide asked us to be quiet. After the museum, we ate lunch in the park. While we were eating, it started to rain. We ran back to the bus and got wet. We laughed all the way back to school. It was not a perfect day, but it was definitely an interesting one. What were you doing last Friday at 10 a.m.?
上周五我们班去城市博物馆实地考察。我们 8 点离校坐公交。车程约四十分钟。到了以后一位叫 Lee 的导游带我们参观。他给我们讲几百年前的古币和陶器。我正在看一个很旧的碗，朋友 Tom 突然指着一具恐龙骨架。我们正在拍照，导游让我们安静。博物馆之后我们在公园吃午饭。我们正吃着，天开始下雨。我们跑回公交车上都淋湿了。回校路上我们一路笑。这天不完美，但绝对有意思。上周五上午 10 点你在做什么？

07 可直接套用句型（10 句）

  • Last Friday, our class went on a field trip to the museum.
  • We left school at 8 and took a bus.
  • When we arrived, a guide showed us around.
  • I was looking at a bowl when Tom pointed at a dinosaur.
  • We were taking photos when the guide asked us to be quiet.
  • While we were eating, it started to rain.
  • We ran back to the bus and got wet.
  • It was not a perfect day, but it was interesting.
  • What were you doing at 10 a.m. yesterday?
  • We visited the museum and learned about old coins.

08 加练 6 题（含答案）

9（填空）
We ___ (go) to the museum last Friday.
查看答案
went（last Friday 一般过去）
10（选择）
While we ___ lunch, it started to rain. A. had B. were having C. have
查看答案
B（while + 过去进行）
11（填空）
I ___ (look) at a bowl when Tom pointed.
查看答案
was looking
12（改错）
When we arrive, a guide shows us.
查看答案
When we arrived, a guide showed us.（过去事）
13（场景）
用英语讲上周六你做了什么（一般过去，3 句）。
查看答案
示范：Last Saturday, I went to the park. I played soccer with my friends. We ate pizza after that.
14（听力）
We ___ (take) photos when the guide asked us to stop.
查看答案
were taking

09 听力原稿精听（Listening Script）

M: Hey, are you going to the school fair this Saturday? W: I am not sure. I have a lot of homework this week. M: But the fair only happens once a year. There will be games, food, and a concert in the afternoon. W: Really? What time does it start? M: It starts at ten in the morning. The concert begins at three. W: How much is the ticket? M: It is five dollars for students, and eight for adults. Half price if you bring a food donation. W: That sounds like a good deal. I will ask my mom. Maybe I can finish my homework on Friday night. M: Great! Let me know. I will save you a ticket. W: Thanks. See you on Saturday, hopefully. M: See you!
男：嘿，这周六你去学校游园会吗？ 女：不确定。我这周作业很多。 男：但游园会一年才一次。有游戏、食物，下午还有音乐会。 女：真的？几点开始？ 男：上午十点开始。音乐会三点开始。 女：票多少钱？ 男：学生五美元，成人八美元。带食物捐赠半价。 女：听起来挺值。我问问我妈。也许我周五晚上能写完作业。 男：好！告诉我。我给你留张票。 女：谢谢。周六见，希望能去。 男：再见！
精听要点：抓时间（ten / three）、价格（five / eight / half price）、条件（if you bring / if you finish）。小托福听力题常考"他/她最后决定去不去"——听最后两句。

10 词汇例句扩展（每词配一句）

academic
The new library has more academic books than last year.
academic adj. 学术的
assignment
Our English teacher gave us a writing assignment.
assignment n. 作业
schedule
Check the schedule to see when the bus leaves.
schedule n. 时间表
opportunity
This trip is a great opportunity to practice English.
opportunity n. 机会
experience
Working on the farm was an unforgettable experience.
experience n. 经历；经验
improve
Reading every day will improve your vocabulary.
improve v. 提高
challenge
Learning a new language is a big challenge.
challenge n. 挑战
achieve
If you work hard, you will achieve your goal.
achieve v. 实现

11 写作范文（Email / Notice）

Dear classmates, We are going to have a class party next Friday after school. It will be in Room 301. We will have snacks, music, and games. Please bring one dish to share. If you cannot come, please tell me by Wednesday. We also need three volunteers to help clean the room after the party. If you are interested, please write to me. I hope to see everyone there! Best, Linda
亲爱的同学们： 下周五放学后我们要办班级派对，在 301 教室。有零食、音乐和游戏。请带一道菜分享。如果不能来，请周三前告诉我。 我们还需要三名志愿者派对后帮忙打扫。有兴趣请写信给我。 希望大家都来！ Linda 敬上
小托福写作常考"写邮件通知某事"。结构：开头点明目的 → 时间地点活动 → 要求/邀请 → 结尾。用一般现在时通知安排，用 will 说将要发生的事。

12 阅读广告/信件类真题风格

SUMMER CAMP 2026
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
2026 夏令营
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
阅读理解题示例：Q: How long is the camp? A: Two weeks. Q: What is the price? A: $250. Q: Where do you sign up? A: At the school office. 小托福阅读广告题就考这种细节定位。

13 小托福题型答题技巧（4 条）

📌 应试策略

  • 听力：听前先读选项，猜话题。听第二个人的回答，往往答案就在那里。
  • 语言形式：先找时间标志词（yesterday / every day / already），定时态再选变形。
  • 阅读：先读题，带着问题回原文定位。广告/通知类直接找数字和地点。
  • 时间管理：不会的题先跳过，做完有时间再回来。别在一道题上卡 5 分钟。

14 单元小结与下一步

✅ 学完本单元你应该能：

  • 听懂校园对话中关于时间、地点、价格的关键信息。
  • 在四选一语法题中正确选择动词时态/变形。
  • 读懂广告、通知、简短信件并提取细节。
  • 用本单元句型写 3–5 句连贯的英文邮件或段落。
下一步：进入对应 知识深化页（左侧导航或文末链接），把语法点的规则、变形、易错点彻底吃透；然后回到本页重做题，直到全部答对。12 单元按 A2→B2 顺序推进，不要跳级。

15 本单元高频词自测（10 词中译英）

  1. 闹钟响了。 → The bell ___.
  2. 我走路上学。 → I ___ to school.
  3. 她正在吃饭。 → She ___ right now.
  4. 我们去年去了北京。 → We ___ to Beijing last year.
  5. 这是我见过最好的电影。 → It is the ___ film I have ever seen.
  6. 明天会下雨。 → It ___ rain tomorrow.
  7. 我已经完成作业了。 → I ___ my homework already.
  8. 你应该多喝水。 → You ___ drink more water.
  9. 正在说话的女孩是我妹妹。 → The girl ___ is speaking is my sister.
  10. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 → If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
参考答案
1. rings 2. walk 3. is eating 4. went 5. best 6. will 7. have finished 8. should 9. who 10. rains
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