TOEFL Junior · Unit 12 · B2

Unit 12 · 全球议题 Global Issues

本单元语法主线：连接词与篇章逻辑。题型覆盖听力理解（校园对话/通知/讲座）、语言形式与含义（语法词汇四选一）、阅读理解（课文/广告/信件）。学完后建议进入 深化页：连接词与篇章逻辑。

01 主题语篇 · Reading & Listening

Around the world, millions of children cannot go to school. Poverty is one of the main reasons. However, education can break the cycle of poverty. Therefore, many countries are working to build more schools. In addition, international organizations are training more teachers. Although progress has been slow, millions more children are now in school than ten years ago. On the other hand, many challenges remain. In some countries, girls are still not allowed to study. As a result, women are less likely to find good jobs. Moreover, climate change is damaging schools in poor areas. For example, floods have destroyed hundreds of schools in South Asia. Because of this, children have to walk much farther to get an education. Nevertheless, communities are coming together to rebuild. In conclusion, education is a basic human right. If we all work together, we can make sure that every child, boy or girl, has the chance to learn.
在世界各地，数百万儿童无法上学。贫困是主要原因之一。然而，教育能打破贫困的循环。因此，许多国家正在努力建更多学校。此外，国际组织正在培训更多教师。尽管进展缓慢，现在在校儿童比十年前多了数百万。另一方面，许多挑战依然存在。在一些国家，女孩仍不被允许上学。结果，女性更难找到好工作。此外，气候变化正在破坏贫困地区的学校。例如，洪水摧毁了南亚数百所学校。正因为如此，孩子们要走更远的路才能上学。尽管如此，社区正在团结起来重建。总之，教育是一项基本人权。如果我们共同努力，就能确保每个孩子——无论男女——都有学习的机会。
核心词块：poverty, education, school, challenge, community, rebuild, human right, climate change, flood, organization

02 词汇延展 · Word Expansion

全球议题
poverty, hunger, disease, climate change, inequality, refugee, crisis, human right
poverty 贫困
社会行动
organization, community, cooperate, advocate, protest, donate, volunteer, rebuild
advocate 倡导
因果连接
because, since, as, therefore, as a result, consequently, due to, because of
therefore = 因此
转折连接
but, however, although, though, nevertheless, on the other hand, despite, in spite of
however 前后逗号
递进举例
in addition, moreover, furthermore, for example, for instance, such as, in conclusion
in conclusion 总之

03 语法延展 · Grammar (B2 爬坡)

however
然而（句首/句中，前后逗号）
However, many challenges remain.
therefore
因此（句首/句中）
Therefore, we must build more schools.
although
尽管（+ 从句）
Although progress is slow, millions are in school.
in addition / moreover
此外（递进）
In addition, teachers are being trained.

⚠ 易错陷阱

  • ① however 不是连词： however 是副词，不能直接连接两个句子。✗ I was tired, however I went out. → ✓ I was tired. However, I went out.
  • ② although + 句子，despite + 名词： Although it was raining, we went. / Despite the rain, we went.（despite 后不加句子）。
  • ③ therefore 前后标点： therefore 放句首加逗号；We were tired; therefore, we went home early.
  • 考试怎么考： Reading 大量连接词考作者态度；Writing 用上 however/therefore/moreover 直接提分。

04 功能句型 · Functional Patterns

口语 · 表达观点
What can we do to help poor children?
I think we can donate books. In addition, we can volunteer. However, the government should build more schools. Therefore, everyone should help.
观点口语用连接词串起来。
写作 · 议论文
Although poverty is a big problem, education can help. As a result, countries should build more schools. In conclusion, education is a basic right.
议论文四段：观点→原因→转折→结论。
听力 · 讲座总结
However, climate change is a new challenge. Therefore, schools must be rebuilt. For example, floods have destroyed many schools.
讲座里连接词是逻辑路标。

05 考点自测 · Self Check

1（填空）：
It was raining. ___, we went out. (But / However)
查看答案
However（句首独立成句）
2（选择）：
He was ill. ___, he did not go to school. A. Because B. Therefore C. Although
查看答案
B（因果：因此他没上学）
3（填空）：
___ it was expensive, she bought the dress. (Although / Despite)
查看答案
Although（后接句子 it was expensive）
4（改错）：
Although he was tired, but he kept working.
查看答案
Although 和 but 不能同时用：Although he was tired, he kept working.
5（易混）：
___ the rain, we stayed at home. (Because / Because of)
查看答案
Because of（the rain 是名词）
6（场景）：
用 however 写一句对比句。
查看答案
示范：The test was hard. However, I think I did well.
7（听力）：
___, many challenges remain. We must work harder. 填什么连接词？
查看答案
However（转折：然而挑战依然存在）
8（写作）：
写一段 4 句小短文谈环保，用上 however / therefore / in addition。
查看答案
示范：Pollution is a serious problem. However, we can help by recycling. In addition, we should save water. Therefore, everyone should do their part.

06 拓展阅读 · Extended Passage（听力原稿风格）

Education is a basic human right. However, millions of children around the world still cannot go to school. Poverty is the main reason. As a result, many girls are kept at home to help their families. Moreover, wars and natural disasters destroy schools. For example, floods have damaged thousands of classrooms in South Asia. Therefore, children have to walk for hours to reach the nearest school. Despite these problems, progress has been made. In the last twenty years, more than one hundred million children have started school. International organizations are building new schools and training teachers. Nevertheless, much work remains. In conclusion, every child should have the chance to learn. If we all work together, we can make education available to all.
教育是基本人权。然而全世界数百万儿童仍无法上学。贫困是主要原因。结果很多女孩被留在家里帮家里干活。此外战争和自然灾害摧毁学校。比如洪水损毁了南亚数千间教室。因此孩子们要走几小时才能到最近的学校。尽管有这些问题，还是取得了进展。过去二十年里，一亿多儿童开始上学。国际组织在建新学校、培训教师。尽管如此，还有很多工作要做。总之每个孩子都应有学习的机会。如果我们共同努力，就能让所有人都能受教育。

07 可直接套用句型（10 句）

  • Education is a basic human right.
  • However, millions of children cannot go to school.
  • Poverty is the main reason.
  • As a result, many girls are kept at home.
  • Moreover, wars and natural disasters destroy schools.
  • For example, floods have damaged thousands of classrooms.
  • Therefore, children have to walk for hours.
  • Despite these problems, progress has been made.
  • In conclusion, every child should have the chance to learn.
  • If we all work together, we can make education available to all.

08 加练 6 题（含答案）

9（填空）
It was raining. ___, we went out.
查看答案
However
10（选择）
He was ill. ___, he did not go to school. A. Because B. Therefore C. Although
查看答案
B
11（填空）
___ it was expensive, she bought it.
查看答案
Although
12（改错）
Although he was tired, but he kept working.
查看答案
Although he was tired, he kept working
13（场景）
用 however 写一句对比。
查看答案
示范：The test was hard. However, I think I did well.
14（听力）
___, much work remains.
查看答案
Nevertheless / However

09 听力原稿精听（Listening Script）

M: Hey, are you going to the school fair this Saturday? W: I am not sure. I have a lot of homework this week. M: But the fair only happens once a year. There will be games, food, and a concert in the afternoon. W: Really? What time does it start? M: It starts at ten in the morning. The concert begins at three. W: How much is the ticket? M: It is five dollars for students, and eight for adults. Half price if you bring a food donation. W: That sounds like a good deal. I will ask my mom. Maybe I can finish my homework on Friday night. M: Great! Let me know. I will save you a ticket. W: Thanks. See you on Saturday, hopefully. M: See you!
男：嘿，这周六你去学校游园会吗？ 女：不确定。我这周作业很多。 男：但游园会一年才一次。有游戏、食物，下午还有音乐会。 女：真的？几点开始？ 男：上午十点开始。音乐会三点开始。 女：票多少钱？ 男：学生五美元，成人八美元。带食物捐赠半价。 女：听起来挺值。我问问我妈。也许我周五晚上能写完作业。 男：好！告诉我。我给你留张票。 女：谢谢。周六见，希望能去。 男：再见！
精听要点：抓时间（ten / three）、价格（five / eight / half price）、条件（if you bring / if you finish）。小托福听力题常考"他/她最后决定去不去"——听最后两句。

10 词汇例句扩展（每词配一句）

academic
The new library has more academic books than last year.
academic adj. 学术的
assignment
Our English teacher gave us a writing assignment.
assignment n. 作业
schedule
Check the schedule to see when the bus leaves.
schedule n. 时间表
opportunity
This trip is a great opportunity to practice English.
opportunity n. 机会
experience
Working on the farm was an unforgettable experience.
experience n. 经历；经验
improve
Reading every day will improve your vocabulary.
improve v. 提高
challenge
Learning a new language is a big challenge.
challenge n. 挑战
achieve
If you work hard, you will achieve your goal.
achieve v. 实现

11 写作范文（Email / Notice）

Dear classmates, We are going to have a class party next Friday after school. It will be in Room 301. We will have snacks, music, and games. Please bring one dish to share. If you cannot come, please tell me by Wednesday. We also need three volunteers to help clean the room after the party. If you are interested, please write to me. I hope to see everyone there! Best, Linda
亲爱的同学们： 下周五放学后我们要办班级派对，在 301 教室。有零食、音乐和游戏。请带一道菜分享。如果不能来，请周三前告诉我。 我们还需要三名志愿者派对后帮忙打扫。有兴趣请写信给我。 希望大家都来！ Linda 敬上
小托福写作常考"写邮件通知某事"。结构：开头点明目的 → 时间地点活动 → 要求/邀请 → 结尾。用一般现在时通知安排，用 will 说将要发生的事。

12 阅读广告/信件类真题风格

SUMMER CAMP 2026
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
2026 夏令营
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
阅读理解题示例：Q: How long is the camp? A: Two weeks. Q: What is the price? A: $250. Q: Where do you sign up? A: At the school office. 小托福阅读广告题就考这种细节定位。

13 小托福题型答题技巧（4 条）

📌 应试策略

  • 听力：听前先读选项，猜话题。听第二个人的回答，往往答案就在那里。
  • 语言形式：先找时间标志词（yesterday / every day / already），定时态再选变形。
  • 阅读：先读题，带着问题回原文定位。广告/通知类直接找数字和地点。
  • 时间管理：不会的题先跳过，做完有时间再回来。别在一道题上卡 5 分钟。

14 单元小结与下一步

✅ 学完本单元你应该能：

  • 听懂校园对话中关于时间、地点、价格的关键信息。
  • 在四选一语法题中正确选择动词时态/变形。
  • 读懂广告、通知、简短信件并提取细节。
  • 用本单元句型写 3–5 句连贯的英文邮件或段落。
下一步：进入对应 知识深化页（左侧导航或文末链接），把语法点的规则、变形、易错点彻底吃透；然后回到本页重做题，直到全部答对。12 单元按 A2→B2 顺序推进，不要跳级。

15 本单元高频词自测（10 词中译英）

  1. 闹钟响了。 → The bell ___.
  2. 我走路上学。 → I ___ to school.
  3. 她正在吃饭。 → She ___ right now.
  4. 我们去年去了北京。 → We ___ to Beijing last year.
  5. 这是我见过最好的电影。 → It is the ___ film I have ever seen.
  6. 明天会下雨。 → It ___ rain tomorrow.
  7. 我已经完成作业了。 → I ___ my homework already.
  8. 你应该多喝水。 → You ___ drink more water.
  9. 正在说话的女孩是我妹妹。 → The girl ___ is speaking is my sister.
  10. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 → If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
参考答案
1. rings 2. walk 3. is eating 4. went 5. best 6. will 7. have finished 8. should 9. who 10. rains
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