TOEFL Junior · Unit 10 · B2

Unit 10 · 经济 Economy

本单元语法主线：动名词与不定式。题型覆盖听力理解（校园对话/通知/讲座）、语言形式与含义（语法词汇四选一）、阅读理解（课文/广告/信件）。学完后建议进入 深化页：动名词与不定式。

01 主题语篇 · Reading & Listening

Many teenagers enjoy shopping, but do you know how shops make you spend money? Retailers use psychology to encourage customers to buy more. For example, they arrange the most expensive products at eye level. They expect shoppers to notice them first. Stores often play soft music; this makes people walk slowly and spend more time inside. Bigger shops try to put the bakery near the entrance — the smell of fresh bread makes customers feel hungry, so they buy more food. Online shops use a different trick. They offer free shipping if you spend over a certain amount. This encourages you to add extra items to your cart. Many people keep browsing because they do not want to miss a discount. However, experts advise shoppers to make a list before going to the store. If you plan carefully, you can avoid wasting money. Remember: shops want you to spend, but you control your own budget.
很多青少年喜欢购物，但你知道商店怎么让你多花钱吗？零售商利用心理促使顾客多买。比如他们把最贵的商品放在眼睛平视的高度，指望购物者先注意到。商店常放轻音乐，这让人走得慢、待得久。大店常把面包房放在入口附近——新鲜面包的香味让顾客觉得饿，于是买更多食物。网店用另一招：满一定金额免运费。这促使你往购物车里加更多东西。很多人不停浏览，因为不想错过折扣。但专家建议购物前列个清单。如果你仔细计划，就能避免浪费钱。记住：商店想让你花钱，但你控制自己的预算。
核心词块：retailer, customer, product, discount, budget, shipping, cart, bargain, consumer, profit

02 词汇延展 · Word Expansion

购物消费
shop, customer, consumer, product, price, discount, bargain, receipt, cashier
bargain 便宜货
商业经营
retailer, store, bakery, entrance, profit, income, advertise, brand
profit 利润
财务词汇
budget, currency, tax, income, expense, save, spend, invest
budget 预算
购物心理
encourage, expect, avoid, miss, plan, control, advertise, attract
encourage sb to do
非谓语
enjoy doing, want to do, decide to do, hope to do, avoid doing, finish doing
enjoy 后 doing；want 后 to do

03 语法延展 · Grammar (B2 爬坡)

后接 doing
enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, suggest, practice, keep
I enjoy shopping. / Avoid wasting money.
后接 to do
want, hope, decide, plan, expect, would like, agree
They expect shoppers to notice.
后接 sb to do
want, ask, tell, encourage, expect, advise
Shops encourage customers to buy.
stop doing vs stop to do
stop doing = 停止做；stop to do = 停下来去做
He stopped talking. / He stopped to talk to me.

⚠ 易错陷阱

  • ① enjoy 后接 doing： ✗ I enjoy to shop. → ✓ I enjoy shopping。enjoy/finish/avoid/mind/practice 都接 doing。
  • ② want/expect 后接 to do： ✗ I want going. → ✓ I want to go。want/hope/decide/plan/expect 接 to do。
  • ③ make sb do（不加 to）： This makes people walk slowly（make + 宾语 + 动词原形）。但被动要加 to：People are made to walk slowly.
  • ④ advise sb to do： Experts advise shoppers to make a list.（advise 后接 sb to do）。

04 功能句型 · Functional Patterns

口语 · 聊购物
Do you enjoy shopping?
I enjoy window shopping, but I do not like spending money. I usually plan to buy only what I need.
enjoy doing / plan to do 自然嵌入。
写作 · 消费建议
Experts advise shoppers to make a list. If you avoid buying things you do not need, you can save money.
advise sb to do / avoid doing 是 B2 写作加分句。
听力 · 商店广播
We encourage customers to use the entrance on the left. Please avoid using the elevator if you are in a hurry.
encourage sb to do / avoid doing 是服务用语高频。

05 考点自测 · Self Check

1（填空）：
I enjoy ___ (shop) with my friends.
查看答案
shopping（enjoy + doing）
2（选择）：
Shops expect customers ___ more. A. spend B. to spend C. spending
查看答案
B（expect sb to do）
3（填空）：
You should avoid ___ (waste) money on things you do not need.
查看答案
wasting（avoid + doing）
4（改错）：
I want going to the mall this weekend.
查看答案
I want to go（want + to do）
5（易混）：
He stopped ___ (talk) to me because he was in a hurry.（停下来说话还是不说话了？）
查看答案
to talk（stop to talk = 停下别的事来跟我说话；他赶时间所以没停）
6（场景）：
用 enjoy doing 写一句你喜欢的周末活动。
查看答案
示范：I enjoy reading books on weekends.
7（听力）：
We encourage customers ___ (use) the left door. 填什么？
查看答案
to use（encourage sb to do）
8（写作）：
写 3 句购物建议（用 advise / avoid / encourage）。
查看答案
示范：Experts advise shoppers to make a list. You should avoid buying things you do not need. Shops encourage customers to spend more, but you control your budget.

06 拓展阅读 · Extended Passage（听力原稿风格）

Do you enjoy shopping? Most teenagers do, but shops are designed to make you spend more. When you walk into a supermarket, the expensive things are usually placed at eye level. The music that is played is often slow and soft, so you walk more slowly. Bakeries are placed near the entrance because the smell of fresh bread makes you hungry. Online shops also use tricks. They offer free shipping if you spend over 99 yuan. This encourages you to add more items to your cart. Many people keep browsing because they do not want to miss a discount. Experts advise shoppers to make a list before going out. They suggest buying only what you really need. If you plan carefully, you can avoid wasting money. Remember: shops want you to spend, but you control your own budget.
你喜欢购物吗？大多数青少年喜欢，但商店设计出来就是让你多花钱。走进超市，贵的东西通常放在眼睛平视高度。放的音乐往往慢而柔，让你走得更慢。面包房放在入口附近，因为新鲜面包的香味让你饿。网店也用招。满 99 免邮。这促使你往购物车加更多东西。很多人不停浏览因为不想错过折扣。专家建议购物前列清单。他们建议只买真正需要的。如果仔细计划，就能避免浪费钱。记住：商店想让你花钱，但你控制自己的预算。

07 可直接套用句型（10 句）

  • Do you enjoy shopping?
  • The expensive things are placed at eye level.
  • The music is slow so you walk more slowly.
  • The smell of fresh bread makes you hungry.
  • They offer free shipping if you spend over 99 yuan.
  • This encourages you to add more items to your cart.
  • Many people keep browsing because they do not want to miss a discount.
  • Experts advise shoppers to make a list.
  • If you plan carefully, you can avoid wasting money.
  • Shops want you to spend, but you control your budget.

08 加练 6 题（含答案）

9（填空）
I enjoy ___ (shop) with my friends.
查看答案
shopping
10（选择）
Shops expect customers ___ more. A. spend B. to spend C. spending
查看答案
B
11（填空）
You should avoid ___ (waste) money.
查看答案
wasting
12（改错）
I want going to the mall.
查看答案
I want to go
13（场景）
用 enjoy doing 写一句你喜欢的周末活动。
查看答案
示范：I enjoy reading on weekends.
14（听力）
Experts advise shoppers ___ (make) a list.
查看答案
to make

09 听力原稿精听（Listening Script）

M: Hey, are you going to the school fair this Saturday? W: I am not sure. I have a lot of homework this week. M: But the fair only happens once a year. There will be games, food, and a concert in the afternoon. W: Really? What time does it start? M: It starts at ten in the morning. The concert begins at three. W: How much is the ticket? M: It is five dollars for students, and eight for adults. Half price if you bring a food donation. W: That sounds like a good deal. I will ask my mom. Maybe I can finish my homework on Friday night. M: Great! Let me know. I will save you a ticket. W: Thanks. See you on Saturday, hopefully. M: See you!
男：嘿，这周六你去学校游园会吗？ 女：不确定。我这周作业很多。 男：但游园会一年才一次。有游戏、食物，下午还有音乐会。 女：真的？几点开始？ 男：上午十点开始。音乐会三点开始。 女：票多少钱？ 男：学生五美元，成人八美元。带食物捐赠半价。 女：听起来挺值。我问问我妈。也许我周五晚上能写完作业。 男：好！告诉我。我给你留张票。 女：谢谢。周六见，希望能去。 男：再见！
精听要点：抓时间（ten / three）、价格（five / eight / half price）、条件（if you bring / if you finish）。小托福听力题常考"他/她最后决定去不去"——听最后两句。

10 词汇例句扩展（每词配一句）

academic
The new library has more academic books than last year.
academic adj. 学术的
assignment
Our English teacher gave us a writing assignment.
assignment n. 作业
schedule
Check the schedule to see when the bus leaves.
schedule n. 时间表
opportunity
This trip is a great opportunity to practice English.
opportunity n. 机会
experience
Working on the farm was an unforgettable experience.
experience n. 经历；经验
improve
Reading every day will improve your vocabulary.
improve v. 提高
challenge
Learning a new language is a big challenge.
challenge n. 挑战
achieve
If you work hard, you will achieve your goal.
achieve v. 实现

11 写作范文（Email / Notice）

Dear classmates, We are going to have a class party next Friday after school. It will be in Room 301. We will have snacks, music, and games. Please bring one dish to share. If you cannot come, please tell me by Wednesday. We also need three volunteers to help clean the room after the party. If you are interested, please write to me. I hope to see everyone there! Best, Linda
亲爱的同学们： 下周五放学后我们要办班级派对，在 301 教室。有零食、音乐和游戏。请带一道菜分享。如果不能来，请周三前告诉我。 我们还需要三名志愿者派对后帮忙打扫。有兴趣请写信给我。 希望大家都来！ Linda 敬上
小托福写作常考"写邮件通知某事"。结构：开头点明目的 → 时间地点活动 → 要求/邀请 → 结尾。用一般现在时通知安排，用 will 说将要发生的事。

12 阅读广告/信件类真题风格

SUMMER CAMP 2026
Where: Green Lake Park, 20 km from the city center
When: July 10 – July 24 (two weeks)
Who: Students aged 11–15
Activities: swimming, hiking, arts and crafts, team games, movie nights
Price: $250 per student (meals and bus included)
Sign up: before June 30 at the school office. Spaces are limited to 40 students.
For more information, ask Mr. Brown in Room 205.
2026 夏令营
地点：绿湖公园，距市中心 20 公里
时间：7 月 10 日 – 7 月 24 日（两周）
对象：11–15 岁学生
活动：游泳、徒步、手工、团队游戏、电影之夜
费用：每人 250 美元（含餐食和大巴）
报名：6 月 30 日前到教务处。名额限 40 人。
详情问 205 室 Brown 老师。
阅读理解题示例：Q: How long is the camp? A: Two weeks. Q: What is the price? A: $250. Q: Where do you sign up? A: At the school office. 小托福阅读广告题就考这种细节定位。

13 小托福题型答题技巧（4 条）

📌 应试策略

  • 听力：听前先读选项，猜话题。听第二个人的回答，往往答案就在那里。
  • 语言形式：先找时间标志词（yesterday / every day / already），定时态再选变形。
  • 阅读：先读题，带着问题回原文定位。广告/通知类直接找数字和地点。
  • 时间管理：不会的题先跳过，做完有时间再回来。别在一道题上卡 5 分钟。

14 单元小结与下一步

✅ 学完本单元你应该能：

  • 听懂校园对话中关于时间、地点、价格的关键信息。
  • 在四选一语法题中正确选择动词时态/变形。
  • 读懂广告、通知、简短信件并提取细节。
  • 用本单元句型写 3–5 句连贯的英文邮件或段落。
下一步：进入对应 知识深化页（左侧导航或文末链接），把语法点的规则、变形、易错点彻底吃透；然后回到本页重做题，直到全部答对。12 单元按 A2→B2 顺序推进，不要跳级。

15 本单元高频词自测（10 词中译英）

  1. 闹钟响了。 → The bell ___.
  2. 我走路上学。 → I ___ to school.
  3. 她正在吃饭。 → She ___ right now.
  4. 我们去年去了北京。 → We ___ to Beijing last year.
  5. 这是我见过最好的电影。 → It is the ___ film I have ever seen.
  6. 明天会下雨。 → It ___ rain tomorrow.
  7. 我已经完成作业了。 → I ___ my homework already.
  8. 你应该多喝水。 → You ___ drink more water.
  9. 正在说话的女孩是我妹妹。 → The girl ___ is speaking is my sister.
  10. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 → If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay home.
参考答案
1. rings 2. walk 3. is eating 4. went 5. best 6. will 7. have finished 8. should 9. who 10. rains
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