这个单元有 5 章：Task Response 升级（论证方法）、Coherence & Cohesion（逻辑连接词）、语言升级（句式/词汇）、话题词族、写作综合自测。
学完你能：把一篇"结构对但平平"的 6 分作文，升级成论证充实、连接顺滑、用词有档次的 7 分作文——会用因果/举例/对比/让步四种论证，会按逻辑功能用连接词，不再通篇 first/second/third。
预计时间：4–5 天（每天 50 分钟）。
前后衔接：这是写作模块收尾。Unit 3 搭好了四段骨架，本单元往骨架里填"高级血肉"。学完写作四单元全部完成。
6 分作文的通病是"论证薄、连接糙、用词平"。本单元对症下药：先升级论证方法（第1、2章），再理顺逻辑连接词（第3章），最后升级语言和话题词（第4章），综合自测（第5章）。
题型拆解 · 四种论证方法让论据站得住
你写 "Technology makes people lazy."，考官心里想：怎么个懒法？后果是什么？这就是"论证不足"。这一章教你把一句话论点，变成一条有因有果有例的论证链。
四种论证法（可参看 逻辑连接词库 深化页）（可参看 写作话题词族 深化页）
| 方法 | 作用 | 常用句 |
|---|---|---|
| 因果 | 解释为什么 | This leads to... / As a result... / This is because... |
| 举例 | 让论点具体 | For example, ... / A good illustration is... |
| 对比 | 凸显另一面 | In contrast, ... / On the other hand, ... |
| 让步 | 显得辩证 | Although this is true, ... / Admittedly, ... |
【因果】Because delivery apps bring food to our doors, many people no longer cook or even walk to a shop.【举例】For instance, it is common to see young people ordering dinner to their sofa rather than going out.【对比】In the past, by contrast, daily life itself required far more physical movement.
解题策略 · 逻辑连接词按功能用
连接词分组记忆
| 功能 | 连接词 |
|---|---|
| 递进 | Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, What is more, Apart from this |
| 转折/对比 | However, By contrast, On the other hand, Nevertheless, Conversely |
| 因果 | Therefore, As a result, Consequently, Thus, This leads to |
| 举例 | For example, For instance, A clear case is, To illustrate |
| 让步 | Although, Even though, Admittedly, Despite the fact that |
| 总结 | In conclusion, To sum up, Overall, In summary |
论连接词的正确打开方式
① 别堆：一段里每个句子都 However/Therefore，反而显乱。一段用 2–3 个合适的即可。
② 位置要对：However 放句首加逗号（However, ...）；Because 不能直接放句首独立成句。
③ 真正的连贯：靠的不只是连接词，还有"指代"（this trend / these measures）和"主题句"。连接词是表面，分段和逻辑才是里子。
考点易错 · 连接词误用与口语化
三个高频错误
✗ The plan is good, however it costs too much.（however 是副词，不能用逗号连接两句）→ ✓ The plan is good. However, it costs too much. 或 The plan is good, but it costs too much.
中文"因为…所以…"成对，英语只用一个。✗ Because it rains, so we stay home. → ✓ Because it rains, we stay home. / It rains, so we stay home.
Task2 是正式文体：don't → do not；can't → cannot；it's → it is。全文统一正式，别出现 gonna / kids（用 children）。
即学即用：改错
练习：改正两句：① The government should build more parks, however they are expensive. ② Because online learning is flexible, so it is popular.
查看参考答案
- ① The government should build more parks. However, they are expensive.（或用 but）
- ② Because online learning is flexible, it is popular.（去掉 so）
模板输出 · 语言升级与话题词族
常见词 → 学术升级词
| 口语词（别用） | 学术词（用这个） | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| think | argue / maintain / hold the view that | Many people argue that... |
| more and more | a growing number of / an increasing | a growing number of families |
| help | facilitate / assist / contribute to | This contributes to economic growth. |
| bad | detrimental / harmful / adverse | It has an adverse effect on health. |
| big problem | a pressing issue / a major concern | Pollution is a pressing issue. |
五大话题词族（摘要）
| 话题 | 核心搭配 |
|---|---|
| 教育 | curriculum, rote learning, critical thinking, well-rounded development, academic pressure |
| 科技 | technological advances, digital divide, privacy concerns, rely on automation |
| 环境 | carbon emissions, renewable energy, sustainable development, environmental awareness |
| 政府 | public funding, infrastructure, government intervention, allocate resources |
| 文化 | cultural identity, globalization, preserve traditions, a melting pot of cultures |
论句式升级：别全用简单句
每段至少用一个复合句：让步状语从句（Although..., ...）、定语从句（..., which means that...）、被动（Measures should be taken...）。句式有长有短，GRA 分就上来了。
综合自测 · 升级一篇 6 分作文到 7 分
升级任务
Task2 升级自测
题目：Some people think money spent on developing space technology is unjustified when there are still problems on Earth. To what extent do you agree?
任务：写≥250词，要求：① 至少用因果、举例、让步各一次；② 连接词不用 first/second；③ 至少 3 个学术升级词；④ 正式文体无缩写。
查看范文骨架与评分要点
- 开头：改写 + 立场（部分同意：地球问题更紧迫，但太空研究有长期回报）。
- 主体1（同意）：地球上仍有贫困疾病，资金应优先；举例：a growing number of people lack clean water。
- 主体2（让步/反方）：Admittedly, space research has spun off useful tech（GPS, materials），long-term。
- 结尾：On balance, governments should balance both, prioritising basic needs while investing strategically in space。
- 自查：因果/举例/让步齐了吗？连接词升级了吗？有学术词吗？无缩写吗？
在线学习资源 · 官方
本课程范文与词表均为原创整理，与官方写作评分标准对齐，不复制剑桥真题原文。