FCE (B2 First) 单元 7 · Science & Technology

这个单元有 5 章：主题课文"当算法学会推荐我"、词汇延展（科技词族 + 动词搭配）、语法延展（被动与复杂时态综合——现在完成进行 / 将来完成 / 虚拟语气的科技语境）、功能句型（口语 Part 4 讨论科技利弊 + Writing Part 1 Essay 论证结构）、FCE 考点与 8 题自测。

学完你能：用 200+ 科技词谈论 AI、算法、设备；在 B2 学术语境里自如切换现在完成进行、将来完成、被动语态；写一篇 190 词的 Essay，论点—论据—让步—结论四段齐全。

预计时间：1.5 周。本单元语法是"综合"不是"新学"——把 Unit 6 的被动、KET/PET 的完成时态、虚拟语气揉在一起，Reading Part 5/6 那种长句你才读得懂。

级别提醒：FCE Reading Part 5 是长篇阅读理解，最爱选"科技对社会的影响"这类文章，句子里满是完成时 + 被动 + 定语从句。本单元就是为它打底盘。

本单元思维导图 · 从科技词到复杂时态综合

科技单元 = 研发词族 + 完成时/进行时/被动综合 + Essay 论证骨架。课文带你看一位设计师反思推荐算法如何重塑了她的审美，词汇按"研发/使用/争议"三组展开，语法攻克 B2 阅读长句里最常见的时态组合拳。

第1章 课文
当算法推荐我
→
第2章 词汇
科技词族
→
第3章 语法
完成时+被动综合
→
第4章 句型
Part 4 辩论 + Essay
→
第5章 考点
长句拆解 + 自测
读法：课文精读三遍 → 词族按研发流程背 → 复杂时态逐句拆 → Essay 论证骨架仿写 → 自测 8 题。B2 阅读的长句不是难词，是时态套时态——拆对时态，句子就懂了一半。
01

主题课文 · 当算法学会推荐我

When the Algorithm Started Recommending Me
原创课文，场景：35 岁的产品设计师 Nora 发现自己的审美被短视频算法悄悄重塑。B2 难度，完成时 + 被动语态密集——注意加粗的 "has been training / had been recommending / will have been / is being shaped"，第 3 章逐个拆。课文不照抄任何教材。

课文 · When the Algorithm Started Recommending Me

For as long as I can remember, I have prided myself on having an independent taste in music. That is, until last month, when I realised that the playlist I had been curating for ten years was no longer mine — it had been built for me by an algorithm I never asked for. The platform has been training its recommendation model on my listening habits for years. Every track I skipped, every video I watched twice, every late-night scroll has been fed back into a system that, by now, knows my taste better than I do. I should have been flattered; instead, I was unsettled. What worried me most was not the technology itself, but how invisible it had become. By the time I noticed, the algorithm had already reshaped what I wanted to hear. We are being told that AI will soon be driving our cars and diagnosing our diseases — but no one seemed to mention that it has already been shaping our daily tastes for a decade. A friend of mine, who works in data science, told me that by the end of this decade, every online choice I make will have been influenced by a model I will never see. I have been trying to break free ever since — deleting apps, reading physical books, walking in parks with no signal. It is not easy, but it feels like the only honest response to a world that is being designed without my consent.
从我记事起，我一直以自己音乐品味独立为荣。直到上个月我才意识到，那份我亲手打理了十年的歌单已经不是我的了——它是我从未要求过的算法替我建的。 这个平台多年来一直在用我的收听习惯训练它的推荐模型。每一首我跳过的歌、每一个我看了两遍的视频、每一次深夜的滑动，都被喂回那个系统——而到现在，它比我自己更懂我的口味。我本该受宠若惊，可我反而不安。 最让我担心的不是技术本身，而是它已经变得多么隐形。等我注意到的时候，算法早已重塑了我想听的东西。我们被告知，AI 很快会帮我们开车、帮我们诊断疾病——但似乎没人提，它其实已经塑造我们的日常品味十年了。 我一个做数据科学的朋友告诉我，到这个十年结束时，我做的每一个在线选择都将已经被某个我永远看不到的模型影响过。从那以后我一直在试着挣脱——删 App、读纸质书、在没信号的公园里散步。这并不容易，但面对一个未经我同意就被设计出来的世界，这似乎是唯一诚实的回应。
本课核心词：algorithm, recommendation, playlist, curate, platform, model, data science, scroll, invisible, reshape, taste, consent, influence, device, artificial intelligence, breakthrough, innovation, privacy, digital

课文精讲 · B2 科技长句的三层拆法

论长句别慌，先找时态骨架

第一层：找谓语。"By the time I noticed, the algorithm had already reshaped what I wanted to hear." —— 主句谓语是 had reshaped（过去完成），by the time 引导的从句是 noticed（过去）。先把时态关系搞清，意思就出来了：注意到之前就已经重塑了。

第二层：找被动。"Every track... has been fed back into a system" —— 现在完成被动，主语 every track 是"被喂回去"。Reading Part 5 最爱在这种被动长句里出同义替换题。

第三层：找从句套从句。"a system that, by now, knows my taste better than I do" —— that 定语从句套了个比较从句。B2 长句全是这种嵌套，拆成短句读就清楚了。

考试怎么考：FCE Reading Part 5 是一篇 700 词左右的长文，6 道多选。科技话题年年出现，考的不是术语，是"你能不能读懂作者的态度和论证逻辑"。

记
这一章要记住的 5 个 B2 科技搭配

① curate a playlist 打理/策划歌单（curate B2 高频）

② train a model 训练模型（被动：be trained on）

③ shape one's taste 塑造品味

④ have an impact on / influence 影响

⑤ by the time + 过去时, 主句过去完成 到…的时候已经…

02

词汇延展 · 科学技术词族

Science & Technology Lexis
B2 科技词汇不考生僻术语，考"日常谈论科技能用上的中性词"——按"研发/使用/争议"三组背。Part 2 开放完形和 Part 3 词形转换直接考这些。

三组科技词族

（可参看「科技词族」深化页）
FCE 科技高频词块
组核心词块搭配/备注
研发develop, invent, innovate, breakthrough, launch, prototype, research, experiment, test, pilot projectmake a breakthrough / launch a product
使用device, gadget, app, software, hardware, platform, algorithm, data, screen time, go viral, user-friendlygo viral = 病毒式传播；user-friendly 易用
争议privacy, surveillance, addiction, screen time, digital detox, ethical, replace humans, job loss, inequalitydigital detox 数字戒断；ethical 伦理的

词形转换 · Part 3 必练

科技主题词族（词性变化）
动词名词形容词副词
innovateinnovationinnovativeinnovatively
inventinvention / inventorinventive—
developdevelopment / developerdeveloped / developing—
advanceadvance / advancementadvanced—
relyreliancereliablereliably
produceproduction / productproductiveproductively
高频陷阱

① technological vs technical：technological = 科技的（technological advances）；technical = 技术上的（a technical problem）。Part 3 常考。

② device vs gadget：device 中性（medical device）；gadget 带"小玩意儿"色彩（a clever gadget）。写作选 device 更正式。

③ data 单复数：英式口语可作不可数（the data is），学术写作常用复数（these data are）。B2 写作选 data is 安全。

④ rely on（不写 rely in）：rely on sb/sth；形容词 reliable；名词 reliance。

⑤ go viral 是不及物：The video went viral.（不加宾语，不加被动）。

03

语法延展 · 被动与复杂时态综合

Complex Tenses & Passive
Unit 6 学了被动单用时态；本单元把它和完成时、进行时、将来时、虚拟语气揉在一起——这是 B2 阅读长句的真实样子。Reading Part 5/6 里那种"已经被…了多久""到明年将已经被…"的句子，全靠这张表读懂。

复杂时态一表打尽

（可参看「复杂时态」深化页）
B2 必掌握的时态组合
时态结构例子
现在完成进行have/has been doingI have been trying to break free.
过去完成进行had been doingI realised the playlist had been built for me.
将来完成will have doneBy 2030, every choice will have been influenced.
将来进行will be doingAI will soon be driving our cars.
现在完成被动have/has been doneEvery track has been fed back into the system.
将来完成被动will have been doneEvery choice will have been influenced.
情态动词被动must/can/should be donePrivacy should be protected.

时间标志词 · 看到就反应时态

B2 高频时间信号
信号词对应时态例子
for / since / how long完成时 / 完成进行I have been working here for five years.
by + 时间点完成时（尤其将来完成）By 2030, I will have graduated.
by the time + 过去句过去完成By the time I arrived, the film had started.
lately / recently / over the past decade现在完成Technology has advanced rapidly lately.
already / just / yet现在完成The app has already been downloaded.

虚拟语气 · 科技议论文必备

论写 Essay 不用虚拟，等于少一只手

① 与现在事实相反：If AI replaced teachers, education would become impersonal.（if + 过去时, would do）

② 与过去事实相反：If the algorithm had not been invented, I would not have lost my taste.（if + 过去完成, would have done）

③ 建议句型：It is high time we regulated the tech giants.（It's high time + 过去时，表"早该…"）

考试怎么考：Writing Part 1 Essay 里用一两个虚拟句，立刻从 B2 升到 C1 水准——这是考官一眼能看到的加分项。

Part 4 改写题最爱考的时态陷阱

① for/since 别混：for + 时间段（for 10 years）；since + 时间点（since 2015）。Part 2 开放完形必考。

② by 加将来时间 = 将来完成：By 2030, I will have graduated（不是 will graduate）。

③ 过去完成别乱用：只有"过去的过去"才用。两个动作都用一般过去也对，除非有先后对比。

④ 被动别漏 be：The report has been written（两个助动词 have + been 都不能少）。

⑤ 虚拟语气倒装（C1 向，但 B2 可试）：Had the algorithm been invented earlier, we would have suffered sooner.（= If the algorithm had been invented...）

情景操练

即学即用

练习1（时态）：I ____ (work) on this project for three months.（现在完成进行）

练习2（将来完成被动）：By 2030, the project ____ ____ ____ (complete).

练习3（by the time）：By the time I arrived, the film ____ already ____ (start).

练习4（虚拟）：If AI ____ (replace) all drivers, many people ____ (lose) their jobs.（与现在相反）

练习5（改错）：I live here since 2020. / By next year, I will finish the course.

查看参考答案
  • 练习1：have been working
  • 练习2：will have been completed
  • 练习3：had / started
  • 练习4：replaced / would lose
  • 练习5：① I have lived / have been living here since 2020（since 配完成时）；② By next year, I will have finished the course（by + 将来时间用将来完成）
04

功能句型 · 口语 Part 4 辩论 + Essay 论证骨架

Speaking Part 4 & Essay Structure
FCE 口语 Part 4 是"双向讨论"——考官就 Part 3 的话题追问你的观点；Writing Part 1 是必写 Essay（140-190 词），要求"引言+两方观点+你自己的看法"。科技话题在这两项里都是核心。三套模板 + 考场对话。

三套句型模板

Part 4 表达观点与让步
I'm convinced that...
Having said that, it's also true that...
That depends on how you look at it.
I wouldn't go as far as to say that...
我深信…／话虽如此，…也是事实／这要看你怎么看／我还不至于说…
考点：Part 4 要"有立场 + 会让步"。I'm convinced 表立场；Having said that 表让步——B2 口语评分看"思辨"。
Essay 四段骨架
Introduction: It is often argued that...
On the one hand, ... For example, ...
On the other hand, ... However, ...
In conclusion, I would argue that...
引言：人们常争论说…／一方面，…例如…／另一方面，…然而…／总之，我认为…
考点：Essay 必须四段式：引言 / 正方 / 反方 / 结论。每段用 On the one hand / On the other hand / In conclusion 标记，考官一眼看清结构。
科技利弊常用句
On the plus side, ...
On the downside, ...
It boils down to whether...
We need to strike a balance between...
好的一面是…／坏的一面是…／归根结底是…／我们需要在…之间取得平衡
考点：On the plus side / downside 比 good/bad 地道；strike a balance 是 B2 写作万能结尾。

场景对话 · 口语 Part 4 实战

Examiner: Some people say that AI will eventually replace teachers. What's your view?
Candidate: I'm convinced that AI can never replace a good teacher, because education is about human connection as much as information. Having said that, it's also true that AI has been transforming how students study — in many ways, for the better.
Examiner: Do you think young people rely too much on technology?
Candidate: That depends on how you look at it. On the one hand, they have been growing up with screens, so it's natural. On the other hand, I wouldn't go as far as to say it's a crisis — it's more a question of finding a balance.
Examiner: Should governments regulate big tech companies?
Candidate: Absolutely. By the time most people realise how much their data has been collected, it's already too late. I wouldn't say regulation kills innovation, but we do need rules.
考官：有人说 AI 最终会取代老师。你怎么看？／考生：我深信 AI 永远取代不了好老师，因为教育既是知识传递，也是人的连接。话虽如此，AI 确实一直在改变学生的学习方式——而且很多方面是往好的方向。／考官：你觉得年轻人太依赖科技了吗？／考生：这要看怎么看。一方面，他们从小对着屏幕长大，这很自然；另一方面，我还不至于说这是危机——更像是找平衡的问题。／考官：政府该监管大科技公司吗？／考生：当然。等大多数人意识到自己的数据被收集了多少，已经太晚了。我不是说监管会扼杀创新，但我们确实需要规则。
得分点：① I'm convinced / Having said that / That depends / I wouldn't go as far as——四个 Part 4 思辨句式；② has been transforming / have been growing up / has been collected——本单元三个完成时态自然嵌入对话；③ 立场 + 让步 + 例子，Part 4 满分结构。
05

FCE 考点 · 科技主题怎么考 + 8 题自测

Exam Focus & Self-test
科技是 FCE 四张卷子的"大热门"话题，复杂时态 + 被动是阅读长句的核心。考点 + 8 题自测。

考点分布表

科技主题考点
卷子/部分题型示例应对策略
Reading Part 5700 词科技长文 6 多选先拆时态骨架再读意思
Reading Part 6四篇短文匹配观点（AI/隐私/屏幕时间）抓态度词（convinced / sceptical）
Use of English Part 2开放完形：for/since/by/in时间信号词决定介词
Use of English Part 3词形转换：innovate → innovativetechnological vs technical 别混
Use of English Part 4时态改写：for/since / by the timefor+段，since+点；by+将来用将来完成
Writing Part 1Essay：AI 利大于弊吗？/ 科技让人更孤独？四段骨架 + 虚拟语气加分
Speaking Part 4讨论科技对教育/工作/隐私的影响立场 + 让步 + 例子

本单元自测 · 8 题

FCE 科技主题自测

1（时态）：I ____ (learn) English for ten years.（现在完成进行）

2（Part 4 改写）："She started working here in 2015."（用 for 改写）→ She ____ ____ here for ten years.

3（将来完成）：By the end of the year, the product ____ ____ ____ (launch).

4（词形转换）：The phone is a remarkable ____ (innovate). / It's a ____ (technology) breakthrough.

5（改错）：I live in Nanjing since 2018. / By next month, I will finish the project.

6（虚拟）：If robots ____ (do) all the jobs, humans ____ (have) more free time.（与现在相反）

7（写作）：用 On the one hand... On the other hand... 写两句关于 AI 的 Essay 主体段开头。

8（口语 Part 4）：说出一个表达"让步"的 B2 句式（Having said that 风格）。

查看参考答案
  • 1：have been learning
  • 2：has been working（for + 段用完成时）
  • 3：will have been launched
  • 4：innovation / technological
  • 5：① I have lived / have been living in Nanjing since 2018；② By next month, I will have finished the project
  • 6：did / would have
  • 7（示范）：On the one hand, AI saves time. On the other hand, it may reduce human interaction.
  • 8（示范）：Having said that, technology also connects us in ways we never imagined.
自评：错 2 题以上，回第 3 章重做时态表；Reading Part 5 长句读懂全靠时态判断。

下一单元预告 · Environment & Society（FCE 收官）

论从科技到环境，B2 写作最后一跃

写作接力：本单元练了 Essay 骨架；Unit 8 专门讲"议论文 Essay 写作框架"——从审题、列提纲、分段、用词、检查，把 Writing Part 1 一次性讲透。

收官意义：Unit 8 是全套进阶路线（Starters → Movers → Flyers → KET → PET → FCE）的最后一站。学完它，你就完成了从 6 岁到 18 岁的完整剑桥路线，下一站是 CAE（C1 Advanced）。

现在就做：把本单元课文里的长句挑 3 句，拆成短句重写——这是 Reading Part 5 同义替换题的核心训练。

在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方

📚 剑桥官方免费资源（本课程只链接、不复制正文）

点进官方考试页可下载免费样题；本课程课文为同主题原创内容，知识点与官方大纲对齐。