这个单元有 5 章：原创课文「以安全之名」、词汇延展（法律/权利词族与正式习语）、语法延展（语域控制：正式法律文体的词汇与句法选择）、功能句型（Writing Report 正式文体 + 口语 Part 4）、CPE 考点与 8 题自测。
学完你能：写出语域精准的正式法律/人权文本，区分 formal/neutral 措辞；区分 rights/liberties 的语域。
预计时间：约 1 周半。
衔接说明：你在前面单元已接触正式措辞，本单元系统掌握语域控制。
法律单元 = 权利词族 + 语域控制。课文写 narrator 反思一项以安全为名的监控法案，词汇按「权利/程序/侵犯」分组，语法攻克正式文体的词汇与句法选择。
主题课文 · 以安全为名的代价
课文 · A Breach of Trust
（可参看本单元语法深化页）课文精讲 · C2 怎么把观点说透
论为什么这段课文是「语域教材」
口语写法（太随意）：The law was passed quickly. It gives the state lots of power. Critics say it's too much. You can be held for 14 days without a trial.
C2 正式写法：The legislation, which was rushed through parliament, grants the state powers that go far beyond what is strictly necessary. Authorities may, without due process, detain individuals... a measure that arguably constitutes a breach of fundamental liberties.
升级点 1 — 正式动词：grant（给）/ detain（拘留）/ constitute（构成）/ curtail（削减），不用 give/hold/make/cut。
升级点 2 — 正式名词：legislation（法）/ due process（正当程序）/ breach（侵犯）/ liberties（自由）。
升级点 3 — 分裂句 under the guise of security that...：强调「在安全伪装下」。
① under the guise of 以…为幌子
② a breach of 对…的侵犯
③ due process 正当程序
④ go far beyond 远远超出
⑤ the burden is on 责任在…一方
词汇延展 · 法律与人权词族
法律人权词族（C2 高频）
| 组 | 核心词 / 搭配 / 习语 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 权利与自由 | liberty, autonomy, entitlement, fundamental, inalienable, freedom | inalienable rights 不可剥夺的权利 |
| 程序与权力 | legislation, jurisdiction, due process, prosecute, detain, verdict, statute | due process 正当程序 |
| 侵犯与辩护 | breach, infringe, curtail, undermine, safeguard, advocate, uphold | infringe on 侵犯 |
| 正式习语 | under the guise of, a breach of, on the grounds of, beyond a reasonable doubt | Report/Essay 必备 |
| 词族转换 | legitimate→legitimacy; prosecute→prosecution; violate→violation; justify→justification | Part 3 直接考 |
① rights vs liberties：rights = 法定权利（human rights）；liberties = 自由（civil liberties）。
② infringe on/upon：infringe on rights，要加介词 on。
③ law（可数/不可数）：a law（一部法律）；law（法律总称，不可数）。
④ prosecute vs sue：prosecute 刑事公诉；sue 民事诉讼。
语法延展 · 语域控制（Register）
正式 vs 口语对照
| 结构 | 含义/用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 正式（Report/Essay） | 口语（Speaking/Article） | 说明 |
| purchase | buy | 正式用 purchase |
| require | need | 正式用 require |
| approximately | about | 正式用 approximately |
| numerous | a lot of | 正式用 numerous/many |
| therefore | so | 正式用 therefore/consequently |
| 不 contractions | don't / can't | 正式写 do not / cannot |
① 正式文体别用 contractions：❌ don't / can't / it's → ✅ do not / cannot / it is。
② 别在 Report 里用 get：用 obtain/receive/undergo。
③ 正式用 one's 比 your 客观：one must consider 比 you must consider 正式。
考试怎么考：Writing 评分四项之一就是 Language，语域不对直接降档。
情景操练
即学即用
练习1（正式化）：The law was passed quickly.（用 rush through）
练习2（去缩略）：It isn't right to detain people without charge.（正式）
练习3（词形）：The decision was perfectly ___. (legitimate)
练习4（写自己的话）：用 under the guise of 写一句关于权利的 Essay 句。
查看参考答案
- 练习1：The legislation was rushed through (parliament).
- 练习2：It is not right to detain people without charge.
- 练习3：legitimate（be + 形容词）
- 练习4（示范）：Freedom, once surrendered under the guise of security, is rarely restored.
功能句型 · Writing Report 正式文体 + 口语 Part 4
三套句型模板
The aim of this report is to outline...
It is based on interviews conducted with...
The findings indicate that...
It is recommended that ... (should) be reconsidered.
Steps should be taken to ensure that...
On the basis of these findings, the following measures are proposed.
Does security justify the loss of privacy?
History suggests that powers, once granted, are seldom relinquished.
Where do we draw the line between protection and intrusion?
场景对话 · 口语 Part 4 讨论「安全与隐私孰轻孰重」
Student A: That is the central tension. History suggests that powers, once granted, are seldom relinquished. Under the guise of security, citizens may surrender liberties that are never restored.
Student B: I concede the risk, yet order is the precondition of freedom. Without it, rights are theoretical.
Student A: Granted. Where, then, do we draw the line between protection and intrusion?
Student B: Precisely that question should be asked of every new law. The burden, surely, is on those who curtail our freedoms.
Student A: Agreed. Vigilance, as they say, is the price of liberty.
CPE 考点 · 法律与人权主题怎么考 + 自测
考点分布表
| 卷子/部分 | 题型示例 | 应对策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Reading & Use Part 2 | 开放填空：正式介词/冠词 | 凭语感与搭配 |
| Reading & Use Part 3 | 词形：legitimate→legitimacy, violate→violation | 判断词性 |
| Reading Part 6 | 跨文本配对：两篇对监控法案的态度 | 抓立场强弱 |
| Writing Part 2 | Report：就政策提正式建议 | 客观 + 被动 + 建议 |
| Speaking Part 4 | 安全与自由抽象讨论 | where do we draw the line |
本单元自测 · 8 题
法律人权自测
1（正式化）：The law was passed fast. → The legislation was ___ through parliament.
2（去缩略）：It isn't lawful to hold people without charge.（正式）
3（词形）：They questioned the ___ of the court's ruling. (legitimate)
4（介词）：The bill infringes ___ personal freedom. (on / with)
5（易混）：The state decided to ___ him for fraud. (prosecute / sue)
6（选择）：___ the guise of fighting crime, the bill expanded surveillance. A. Under B. With C. By
7（写作）：用 The aim of this report is to... 写一句 Report 开头。
8（口语）：用 where do we draw the line 说一句关于权利的话。
查看参考答案
- 1：rushed
- 2：It is not lawful
- 3：legitimacy（the + 名词）
- 4：on（infringe on）
- 5：prosecute（刑事公诉）
- 6：A（under the guise of 固定搭配）
- 7（示范）：The aim of this report is to outline concerns about the proposed surveillance law.
- 8（示范）：Where do we draw the line between public safety and private life?
论从语域控制到写作分数
本单元你拿下的：正式动词/名词、去缩略、one's 客观化、Report 结构。
写作提示：Report 全程别用 contractions，别用 get/a lot of。
现在就做：把课文三句口语化改写，再对照正式版，体会语域差。
在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方
本课程课文与练习均为同主题原创仿真题，知识点对齐 C2 官方大纲，不复制真题原文。