CAE 单元 1 · People & Society

这个单元有 5 章：学术级原创课文《被误解的一代》、词汇延展（社会阶层与代际词族）、语法延展（复杂关系从句：嵌套、介词+which、what 名词性关系）、功能句型（写作 Essay 表态 + 口语 Part 2 图片对比）、CAE 考点与 8 题自测。

学完你能：写出嵌套三层的关系从句，在 Essay 里描述社会现象时用词族不掉链子；口语 Part 2 能用 1 分钟对比两张图片并点出深层社会含义。

预计时间：1 周。

衔接说明：你在 FCE 已经会 who/which/whose 的限定/非限定；本单元把它升级成 C1 的嵌套从句 + 介词+whom + what 名词性关系。

本单元思维导图 · 从一群人到嵌套关系从句

人物单元 = 社会词族 + 复杂关系从句。课文带你看穿“代际刻板印象”，词汇按“阶层/代际/偏见”分组，语法攻克嵌套从句与介词+whom。

第1章 课文
被误解的一代
→
第2章 词汇
阶层与代际词族
→
第3章 语法
复杂关系从句
→
第4章 句型
Essay + 口语Part2
→
第5章 考点
自测 8 题
读法：课文三遍 → 词族背 → 语法造句 → 表态句型 → 自测。语法点可点开深化页系统学。
01

主题课文 · 被误解的一代

The Misunderstood Generation
原创课文，narrator 是一名社会学硕士生，转述一项关于代际投票率的调查。C1 难度，大量复杂关系从句埋在句子里——第 3 章逐个拆。

课文 · The Misunderstood Generation

（可参看「复杂关系从句」深化页）
Generational stereotypes, which are often reinforced by the media, have a way of obscuring the real differences within any age group. The survey, which was conducted among two thousand undergraduates who had grown up in different regions, revealed something surprising. Contrary to what journalists frequently claim, it is not the young who are the most politically disengaged, but rather those in their forties, whose turnout at local elections had fallen most sharply. What the data suggests is that conformity weighs heaviest precisely on the generation that came of age during economic uncertainty. The researchers, to whom I spoke at length, warned against overgeneralising: the very students whom the poll identified as apathetic were, in follow-up interviews, the ones who volunteered most. It is people who appear indifferent, they argued, whom we should interrogate most carefully.
常被媒体强化的代际刻板印象，往往会掩盖任何一个年龄组内部的真实差异。这项在两千名来自不同地区的本科生中开展的调查揭示了一件令人惊讶的事。与记者频繁宣称的相反，最不关心政治的不是年轻人，而是四十多岁的那群人——他们在地方选举中的投票率下降得最厉害。数据表明，从众恰恰在经济不确定时期成年的那一代人身上最重。我详谈过的研究人员警告不要过度概括：民调认定为冷漠的那些学生，在后续访谈里恰恰是志愿活动最多的。他们主张，正是那些看起来漠不关心的人，才是我们最该仔细追问的。
本课核心词：stereotype, reinforce, obscure, undergraduate, contrary, disengaged, turnout, conformity, peer, economic uncertainty, overgeneralise, apathetic, volunteer, interrogate

课文精讲 · C1 怎么把句子写学术

论为什么这段课文是复杂关系从句教材

FCE 写法（两句）：The survey was conducted among 2,000 students. It revealed low turnout.

C1 写法（并成一句且嵌套）：The survey, which was conducted among 2,000 students who had grown up in different regions, revealed something surprising.

升级点 1 — what 名词性关系：What the data suggests is that...，what 前不能再加先行词。

升级点 2 — 介词+whom：The researchers, to whom I spoke at length...，正式文体把介词提前。

考试怎么考：Part 4：It surprised me that... → What surprised me was...（2–5 词）。

记
这一章要记住的 5 个搭配

① reinforce a stereotype 强化刻板印象

② contrary to 与…相反

③ turnout 投票率/出席率

④ overgeneralise 过度概括

⑤ be indifferent to 对…冷漠

02

词汇延展 · 阶层与代际词族

Class & Generation
C1 写社会现象不能只用 rich/poor/young。要把阶层、代际、偏见三组学术词配齐。Part 3 词形转换最爱考 discriminate→discrimination→discriminatory。

三组词族

人物与社会词族（C1 高频）
组核心词搭配/备注
社会阶层upbringing, background, marginalised, privileged, demographicfrom a privileged background 出身优渥
代际关系generation, cohort, coming of age, peer, solidaritya cohort of students 一批学生
偏见与歧视prejudiced, discriminate, stereotype, bias, conformdiscriminate against 歧视
词族转换discriminate→discrimination→discriminatory; conform→conformityPart 3 直接考词性漂移
高频陷阱

① considerate vs considerable：considerable = 相当大的；considerate = 体贴的。

② social vs sociable：social = 社会的；sociable = 爱交际的。

③ indifferent 后接 to：indifferent to politics。

④ raise/rise/arise：raise vt.；rise vi.；arise vi.（problems arise）。

03

语法延展 · 复杂关系从句（嵌套 / 介词+whom / what）

Complex Relative Clauses
C1 的关系从句是嵌套、前置介词、名词性关系从句三件套。FCE 你会 The man who is standing；C1 要能写 The people to whom the proposal was submitted / What surprised me was...。

高级关系结构全表

C1 复杂关系从句
结构规则例子
介词+which/whom（正式）把介词提前到关系词前The colleagues with whom I worked.（口语：who I worked with）
what/whatever 名词性关系what = the thing that；前无先行词What surprised me was the turnout.
嵌套从句关系从句里再套关系从句students who had grown up in regions that were...
such...as 引导such + 名词 + asSuch students as volunteered... = students like those who...
最高频陷阱

① 非限定从句里不能用 that：逗号后永远 who/which。

② what 前不能有先行词：❌ The thing what surprised me → ✅ What surprised me...

③ 介词+whom 指人，介词+which 指物。

考试怎么考：Part 4：It surprised me → What surprised me was...（2–5 词）。

情景操练

即学即用

练习1（选关系词）：① The researchers, ___ I spoke to at length, warned against overgeneralising.　② ___ the data suggests is that conformity weighs heaviest.　③ The students ___ were identified as apathetic volunteered most.

练习2（并句）：① The thing that surprised me was the turnout.（用 what 改写）→ ___　② The colleague. I worked with her.（介词+whom）→ The colleague ___.

练习3（改错）：① The thing what surprised me was the turnout.　② The researchers with who I spoke warned us.　③ My tutor, that is very kind, helps me.

查看参考答案
  • 练习1：① whom/who　② What　③ who/that
  • 练习2：① What surprised me was the turnout.　② The colleague with whom I worked.
  • 练习3：① What surprised me　② with whom I spoke　③ My tutor, who is very kind
04

功能句型 · Essay 表态 + 口语 Part 2 图片对比

Opinion & Picture Comparison
CAE 写作 Part 1 Essay 必须就两篇输入材料综合表态；口语 Part 2 要就两张图片各说 1 分钟对比。三套模板 + 考场对话。

三套句型模板

表态（Essay 开头）
Contrary to what many people believe, ... There is a widely held view that..., yet the evidence suggests... What the data reveals is that ...
与很多人认为的相反…／有一种普遍看法…但证据表明…／数据所揭示的是…
考点：这些句子直接用在 Essay 开头与口语 Part 2，是 C1 拿稳 180 分的基本盘。
描述社会现象
The survey, which was conducted among..., revealed that... It is not ... who, but rather those ... who ... Conformity weighs heaviest on ...
这项在…中开展的调查显示…／不是…而是…的那群人…／从众在…身上最重
考点：这些句子直接用在 Essay 开头与口语 Part 2，是 C1 拿稳 180 分的基本盘。
口语 Part 2 图片对比
The first photograph, unlike the second, conveys a sense of... Whereas the left image suggests..., the right one seems to imply... What strikes me most is the contrast between...
与第二张不同，第一张传达出…／左边暗示…而右边似乎意味着…／最打动我的是…之间的对比
考点：这些句子直接用在 Essay 开头与口语 Part 2，是 C1 拿稳 180 分的基本盘。

场景对话 · 口语 Part 2 长对话（两张图片对比）

Examiner: In Part 2, you will each talk for about a minute about these two photographs. Compare them, and say what the photographers are trying to convey. Anna, you go first. Anna: The first photograph, unlike the second, conveys a strong sense of isolation: the worker, who is surrounded by screens, looks completely detached. Whereas the left image suggests a life dictated by technology, the right one seems to imply solidarity. What strikes me most is the contrast between being alone together and being truly together. I imagine the photographer is asking whether modern urban life brings us closer or merely side by side. Examiner: Carlo, do you agree? Carlo: I largely agree, though I would add that the second image, which was taken at a protest, also suggests collective action rather than casual friendship. The people to whom the camera is drawn are not relaxing; they are making a point.
考官：第二部分，你们每人就这两张照片说约一分钟，比较它们并说说摄影师想传达什么。Anna，你先。／Anna：与第二张不同，第一张传达出强烈的孤独感——被屏幕包围的工人看起来完全疏离。左边暗示被科技支配的生活，右边则似乎意味着团结。最打动我的是“共处却孤独”与“真正在一起”之间的对比。我猜摄影师在追问现代都市生活是让我们更近，还是只是并排。／考官：Carlo，你同意吗？／Carlo：基本同意，但我想补充：第二张拍的是抗议现场，暗示集体行动而非随意友谊。镜头对准的那些人不是在放松，而是在表达主张。
得分点：① 每个观点都嵌了复杂关系从句（who is surrounded / which was taken / to whom the camera is drawn）；② 用 Whereas 对比、What strikes me most 收口；③ 1 分钟内既描述画面又点出深层含义——Part 2 高分标志。
05

CAE 考点 · 人物与社会主题怎么考 + 自测

Exam Focus & Self-Test
人物社会主题横跨 CAE 四张卷子：阅读考社会调查类文章、Use of English 考关系从句与词形转换、Writing Essay 写代际/偏见话题、Speaking Part 2 对比社会场景图片。考点 + 8 题自测。

考点分布表

人物与社会主题考点
卷子/部分题型示例应对策略
Reading & Use Part 2开放完形：填 which/whom/what看先行词、是否介词前置
Reading & Use Part 3词形转换：discriminate→discrimination判断词性
Reading & Use Part 4KWT：It surprised me→What surprised me was2–5 词，what 名词性关系
Writing Part 1Essay：代际/偏见话题综合表态Contrary to... + 两篇材料综合
Speaking Part 2两张社会场景图片 1 分钟对比Whereas 对比 + What strikes me

本单元自测 · 8 题

人物社会自测

1（开放完形 Part 2）：The survey, ___ was conducted among 2,000 students, revealed low turnout.

2（词形转换 Part 3）：There is widespread ___ against people from other regions. (prejudice)

3（KWT Part 4）：The thing that surprised me was the turnout.（用 what 改写） ___ the turnout.

4（改错）：The colleagues with who I worked were very supportive.

5（介词填空）：It is people ___ appear indifferent whom we should interrogate.

6（易混）：There was a ___ amount of resistance to the plan. (considerable / considerate)

7（写作）：用 Contrary to what many people believe, ... 写一句 Essay 开头。

8（口语）：用 Whereas the left image suggests..., the right one seems to imply... 描述两张图片对比。

查看参考答案
  • which（非限定从句，先行词 survey）
  • prejudice（widespread prejudice against）
  • What surprised me was
  • with whom（介词后指人用 whom）
  • who（It is...who... 强调句）
  • considerable（相当大的；considerate 体贴）
  • Contrary to what many people believe, young people are not politically apathetic; they simply distrust traditional parties.
  • Whereas the left image suggests isolation, the right one seems to imply solidarity. The contrast could hardly be greater.
自评：错 2 题以上，回第 2、3 章重读词族表与语法表。

CAE 衔接 · 关系从句之后是什么

论本单元到 C1 的进阶路径

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