自然拼读(Phonics)就是"见词能读、听音能写"。这一页讲:元音字母组合、辅音组合、不发音的字母,再附上 100 个 sight words(高频例外词,必须直接背)。
| 组合 | 发音 | 例词 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ee | /iː/ | see, tree, green, sheep | 长"衣"音 |
| ea | /iː/(多数) | eat, read, tea, sea | 少数读 /e/:bread, head |
| ai | /eɪ/ | rain, train, mail, wait | 多在词中 |
| ay | /eɪ/ | day, play, say, May | 多在词尾 |
| oa | /əʊ/ | boat, coat, road, go | 长"欧"音 |
| ow | /əʊ/ 或 /aʊ/ | snow / cow | 多数 /əʊ/,部分 /aʊ/ |
| igh | /aɪ/ | high, night, light, right | igh = 字母 i 的本音 |
| oo | /uː/ 或 /ʊ/ | moon / book | 多数长音,k 前常短 |
| 组合 | 发音 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| sh | /ʃ/("师") | she, fish, ship, wash |
| ch | /tʃ/("吃") | chair, lunch, watch |
| th | /θ/ 或 /ð/(咬舌) | think / this |
| ph | /f/ | phone, photo, elephant |
| ck | /k/ | duck, black, clock |
| ng | /ŋ/(后鼻音) | sing, morning, king |
| 规则 | 例词 | 不发音的字母 |
|---|---|---|
| kn- 词首 | know, knee, knife, knight | k 不发音 |
| wr- 词首 | write, wrong, wrist, wrap | w 不发音 |
| -mb 词尾 | climb, thumb, lamb, bomb | b 不发音 |
| 词尾 -e | cake, name, nose | e 不发音,但让前面元音读字母音 |
| 其他 | hour, honest, listen, castle | h / t / t 不发音 |
这些词不符合拼读规则,看到要能"秒读",别拼。
| 组 | 单词 |
|---|---|
| 1–20 | the, of, and, a, to, in, is, you, that, it, he, was, for, on, are, as, with, his, they, I |
| 21–40 | at, be, this, have, from, or, one, had, by, word, but, not, what, all, were, we, when, your, can, said |
| 41–60 | there, use, an, each, which, she, do, how, their, if, will, up, other, about, out, many, then, them, these, so |
| 61–80 | her, would, make, like, him, into, time, has, look, two, more, write, go, see, number, no, way, could, people, my |
| 81–100 | than, first, water, been, call, who, oil, its, now, find, long, down, day, did, get, come, made, may, part, over |
said 不读 /seɪd/、friend 不读 /frɪend/。这些词只能死记,别硬套规则。