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食物词族与购物词族：超市里的英语一张嘴说清

Unit 3 课文里 Tom 和妈妈在超市买 bread、milk、apples——哪些可数哪些不可数？how much 怎么问价格？这一页把食物和购物词族一次讲透。

① 这一课怎么学（小白 4 步法）

总用时约 60 分钟，拆成 4 步，一步都别跳：

1读（15 分钟）
先看第②③部分：知识点是什么、怎么变形，别背，先看懂。
2练（15 分钟）
做第⑥⑩部分的题目，错了就回头看对应规则。
3背（15 分钟）
背第⑧部分背诵卡：10 个必备句型 + 口语模板。
4说（15 分钟）
做第⑨部分口语练习，大声读出来、录下来。
第一课的小目标学完你要能：① 说出 10 个食物词并判断可数/不可数；② 用英语问价格；③ 听到超市场景词能反应。

② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）

这张图就是本课的完整地图：先有地图再走路，学起来不迷路。

食物与购物
词族
→
主食饮品
bread/rice
milk/juice
cake/biscuit
→
蔬果肉蛋
apple/banana
tomato/carrot
egg/cheese/meat
→
购物用语
buy/sell
how much
cheap/expensive
pay/trolley
→
Movers 考点
听力超市对话
完形 some/any
口语点餐
看图选词
→
背诵句型
口语演练
真题测试

读法：从根出发，5 大块顺序走。每块下面是小节点，全记住你就通关了。

③ 先认识它：食物词族到底是什么

一句话：食物词按「主食饮品 → 蔬果 → 肉蛋奶 → 购物用语」四组背，关键是分清可数和不可数。Unit 3 里 We haven't got any milk. milk 不可数，不能说 milks。

记住：bread、rice、milk、water、meat、chicken（鸡肉）不可数，前面用 some，不能加 a 或变复数。apple、tomato、egg 可数。tomato→tomatoes 加 es。

食物词分可数/不可数可数an apple, two eggs不可数some bread, some milk不可数不能加 a，不能变复数
为什么它是 Movers 购物话题第一词族Movers 听力 Part 3 常放超市/餐厅对话，问「买了什么、多少钱」。口语点餐必用 Can I have...? 和 How much is it?。
bread 不可数，不能说 a bread想说「一个面包」要说 a piece of bread，不能说 a bread。想表达数量用 some bread / two pieces of bread。

④ 完整词族表：四组食物购物词

第一组：主食与饮品

词中文可数？
bread面包不可数
rice米饭不可数
noodles面条常用复数
cake蛋糕可数/不可数
biscuit饼干可数
milk / water / juice / tea牛奶/水/果汁/茶不可数

第二组：蔬果

词中文复数
apple苹果apples
banana香蕉bananas
orange橙子oranges
tomato西红柿tomatoes（加 es）
potato土豆potatoes（加 es）
carrot胡萝卜carrots
vegetable / fruit蔬菜/水果vegetables

第三组：肉蛋奶

词中文可数？
meat肉不可数
fish鱼/鱼肉不可数（鱼肉）
chicken鸡肉/小鸡鸡肉不可数
egg鸡蛋可数
cheese奶酪不可数

第四组：购物用语

搭配中文例句
buy some bread买些面包Let's buy some bread.
how much is/are多少钱How much is the bread?
cheap / expensive便宜/贵It's cheap / expensive.
pay付钱We pay and go home.
trolley购物车put...in the trolley

⑤ 五类用法场景全解（配图记忆）

场景例句记忆点
1 买东西Let's buy some bread.肯定用 some
2 说没有了We haven't got any milk.否定用 any
3 问价格（不可数）How much is the bread?不可数用 is
4 问价格（复数）How much are the apples?复数用 are
5 点餐Can I have a sandwich, please?Can I have...?
chicken 一词两义chicken 作「鸡肉」讲不可数（some chicken），作「小鸡」讲可数（a chicken）。课文里吃的是鸡肉。
somesome breadI want some bread.
anyany milkhaven't got any milk
how muchHow much is it?
cheapcheap/expensiveIt's cheap.

⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断

错误 1：说 a bread✗ I want a bread. → ✓ I want some bread.
bread 不可数。
错误 2：tomato 复数加 s✗ two tomatos → ✓ two tomatoes.
o 结尾加 es。
错误 3：how much are the bread✗ How much are the bread? → ✓ How much is the bread?
bread 不可数用 is。
错误 4：否定句用 some✗ We haven't got some milk. → ✓ We haven't got any milk.
否定用 any。
错误 5：chicken 变 chickens 表鸡肉✗ I want some chickens.（指鸡肉）→ ✓ I want some chicken.
鸡肉不可数。

⑦ Movers 考点与真题演练

题型怎么考应对
Listening Part 3超市对话：买了什么、多少钱抓 some/any/how much
Reading Part 5短文挖空 some/any/is/are看肯定/否定定 some/any
Speaking 点餐Can I have...? How much is it?套点餐句型

真题风格演练（Movers 出题方式）

真题风格 · Part 5 · 完形We haven't got ___ bread. Let's buy ___ at the supermarket.
第一空 any（否定）；第二空 some（肯定）。
真题风格 · Listening · 对话你听到「It's two pounds for the bread and three pounds for the apples.」面包多少钱？
面包 two pounds。
真题风格 · Speaking · 点餐你在餐厅，怎么说「请给我一个汉堡和一些果汁」？
Can I have a hamburger and some juice, please?
考场提分提醒听力超市题抓三个信号词：some（买了什么）、any（没什么）、how much（多少钱）。点餐时 Can I have...? 比 I want... 更礼貌，Movers 口语加分。

⑧ 背诵内容：10 个必备句型 + 口语模板

每天背 3 句，3 天背完。背的时候大声读，边读边想意思，别死记单词。

1. Let's buy some bread. 咱们买些面包吧。
2. We haven't got any milk. 我们没有牛奶了。
3. There are some apples in the basket. 篮子里有一些苹果。
4. How much is the bread? 面包多少钱？
5. How much are the apples? 苹果多少钱？
6. It's two pounds. 两英镑。
7. This shirt is too expensive. 这件衬衫太贵了。
8. Can I have a sandwich, please? 请给我一个三明治。
9. Would you like some tea? — Yes, please. 要喝茶吗？——好的。
10. I want some tomatoes and carrots. 我想要一些西红柿和胡萝卜。
点餐/购物模板（Movers Speaking Part 3 直接套）
Can I have __, please? How much is/are it? It's __. That's cheap/expensive. I'll take it.

⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会

练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着上面背诵卡读 3 遍：第一遍慢读看发音，第二遍正常速度，第三遍不看文字凭记忆说。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: Can I help you?　→　A: Yes, I want some apples.
Q: How much is the bread?　→　A: It's two pounds.
Q: Would you like some juice?　→　A: Yes, please. / No, thank you.
练习 C · 挑战（2 分钟）
模拟在餐厅：服务员问 Can I help you? → 你点单 → 问价格 → 结账。全程英语。
口语评分自查自查 3 条：① 不可数名词用 some 了吗？② how much 后 is/are 对吗？③ 点餐用 Can I have 了吗？

考场示范对话（读熟就能套）

Waiter: Can I help you?
You: Yes. Can I have a hamburger and some chips?
Waiter: Would you like some juice?
You: Yes, please. Apple juice.
Waiter: How much is it? That's four pounds fifty.
You: Here you are. Thank you.
服务员：需要点什么？/ 请给我一个汉堡和一些薯条。/ 要点果汁吗？/ 好的，苹果汁。/ 一共四英镑五十便士。/ 给你，谢谢。

⑩ 分层练习 18 题（含答案与解析）

基础 1填空：I want ___ bread. (some/any)
some。肯定句。
基础 2填空：We haven't got ___ milk. (some/any)
any。否定句。
基础 3填空：How much ___ the bread? (is/are)
is。bread 不可数。
基础 4填空：How much ___ the apples? (is/are)
are。apples 复数。
基础 5复数：two ___ (tomato)
tomatoes。加 es。
基础 6翻译：请给我一个三明治。
Can I have a sandwich, please?
进阶 7改错：I want a bread.
I want some bread.
进阶 8改错：How much are the milk?
How much is the milk?
进阶 9选：Would you like ___ tea? (some/any)
some。请求建议用 some。
进阶 10填空：It's too ___. I don't want it. (expensive/cheap)
expensive。太贵才不买。
进阶 11连词成句：much / how / the / is / cheese
How much is the cheese?
进阶 12选：I want three ___. (egg/eggs)
eggs。three 后复数。
挑战 13翻译：我们没有牛奶了，去买一些面包和鸡蛋吧。
We haven't got any milk. Let's buy some bread and eggs.
挑战 14口语：模拟点餐，说你想要什么、问价格。
参考：Can I have a hamburger and some juice? How much is it? — It's four pounds.
挑战 15改错（3 处）：I want a bread. How much are the milk? We haven't got some apples.
① a bread → some bread；② are → is；③ some → any。
挑战 16完形：At the supermarket, I want ___ apples. But we haven't got ___ milk. How much ___ the bread? It ___ two pounds.
some / any / is / is。
挑战 17听力想象：你听到「It's cheap, only one pound.」东西贵还是便宜？
便宜，只要一英镑。
挑战 18写作：写 3 句你在超市想买什么、家里缺什么。
参考：We haven't got any milk. I want some apples and bread. How much are they?

⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划

三句口诀① 不可数：bread/milk/rice/meat/chicken，用 some 不加 a。
② 肯定 some，否定疑问 any，请求建议仍 some。
③ how much is 不可数，are 复数；tomato→tomatoes。

7 天复习计划（配合 Movers Unit 3）

天任务自检
第 1 天背核心词/变形表 + 做基础 1-6全对即可
第 2 天做进阶 7-12 + 重做错题错题重做全对
第 3 天挑战 13-18 + 写一段自己的话写完自查拼写/搭配
第 4 天回看考点表，做 1 篇 Movers 风格阅读本知识点相关题全对
第 5-7 天每天口头说 5 句用到本知识点的话口语流利不卡壳

剑桥 A1 Movers 大纲 can-do 对照表

技能Movers 能做到本课对照
听力听懂简短对话中关于日常话题的关键信息能听懂本知识点相关的对话并抓取关键词
阅读读懂简短通知、故事和邮件，定位具体信息能在短文中找到本知识点的用法并判断正误
写作写出 3-5 句连贯的话描述日常能用本知识点写 3 句以上连贯的话
口语回答考官问题、描述图片、做简短角色扮演能就本知识点话题说 4-5 句不卡壳

常见搭配速查

搭配中文例句
go to school去上学I go to school by bus.
get up起床I get up at seven.
watch TV看电视I watch TV in the evening.
play football踢足球We play football after school.
have lunch吃午饭I have lunch at twelve.
do homework做作业I do my homework after dinner.
go to bed上床睡觉I go to bed at nine.
take photos拍照We take photos on holiday.

扩展例句（多读多背）

I usually go to school by bus, but today I walked.
我通常坐公交上学，但今天走路去的。
My favourite subject is English because it's fun.
我最喜欢的科目是英语，因为很有趣。
Last weekend I played football with my friends in the park.
上周末我和朋友在公园踢了足球。
What's the weather like today? Is it sunny or rainy?
今天天气怎么样？晴天还是下雨？
You should drink more water and rest in bed.
你应该多喝水、卧床休息。
There is a park next to my house. I often play there.
我家旁边有个公园，我经常在那里玩。
I bought a present for my mother yesterday.
我昨天给妈妈买了个礼物。
Can I try on this jacket, please? It looks nice.
请问我能试穿这件夹克吗？它看起来不错。

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