知识点深化 · 词汇 · 爬坡版

KET→PET 抽象观点词：从"说事情"到"谈看法"

KET 阶段你能描述"我昨天做了什么"；PET 要求你能说"我觉得这件事有好处也有坏处"。词汇从 1500 跳到 3500，多出来的不是新东西的名字，而是一批看不见摸不着的抽象词：advantage、opinion、however、therefore……这一页把 KET 到 PET 最该先补的 40 个抽象词一次给你。

① 这一课怎么学（爬坡 4 步法）

总用时约 70 分钟，词汇翻倍期最忌"只背中文"：

1读（15 分钟）
看第②③④部分：抽象词分哪三类、它们怎么组成"观点句"。先看例句再背。

2练（20 分钟）
做第⑥⑩部分题目，错了就把那个词的搭配和例句抄 3 遍。

3背（15 分钟）
背第⑧部分 10 个观点句型，每个都含 1-2 个抽象词。

4说（20 分钟）
做第⑨部分口语练习，用 I think / In my opinion 谈一个话题。

本课的小目标学完这一课，你要能做到三件事：① 正确使用 advantage / disadvantage 谈利弊；② 用 however / therefore / in addition 把观点连成段；③ 写一段 50 词的"我的看法"，至少用到 5 个本课词。

② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）

这 40 个词分三大类，按类记更快。

PET 抽象词
1500→3500

→

经历发展类

experience

opportunity

improve

achieve

→

观点比较类

advantage

opinion

compare

decision

→

连接评价类

however

although

therefore

in addition

→

三大陷阱

advice 不可数

because vs because of

compare with/to

→

PET 考点

Reading 长文

Email 100 词

Speaking Part 3

读法：三类词先各扫一遍，重点盯"连接评价类"——那是 PET Email 和口语讨论的骨架词。

③ 先认识它：PET 词汇"新"在哪

一句话：KET 考"事情的经过"，PET 考"你对事情的看法"。PET 试卷里大量出现"agree/disagree""advantages and disadvantages""your opinion"这类题目，没有抽象词你连题目都读不懂。

对比一下：KET 写作是 I went to the park. I played football.（叙事）；PET Email 是 I think online learning has many advantages, but however, it can also be boring.（议论）。从"讲故事"到"谈看法"，词汇必须升级。

为什么这 40 个词最该先补PET Reading Part 3 长文、Writing Part 1 Email 100 词、Speaking Part 3 协作讨论，最常挖的空和最爱考的句式就是"观点+理由+连接词"。这 40 个词覆盖 PET 试卷 60% 以上的议论性词汇。

背抽象词的正确姿势不要孤立背中文。每个词至少配 1 个观点句型：One advantage is that...、However, ...、In my opinion, ...。考场考的是"用这些词组织段落"，不是默写中文意思。

④ 40 词总表：三大类一次给全

第一类 · 经历/发展类（14 个）

词	词性/意思	必背搭配/例句
experience	n./v. 经历；体验	an interesting experience / experience the city
develop	v. 发展；培养	develop a hobby / develop into...
opportunity	n. 机会	have the opportunity to do sth
improve	v. 改善；提高	improve my English / improve yourself
achieve	v. 达到；实现	achieve a goal / achieve success
success	n. 成功	achieve success / a big success
knowledge	n. 知识（不可数）	knowledge of the world
ability	n. 能力	the ability to do sth
imagine	v. 想象	imagine doing sth / imagine that...
consider	v. 考虑	consider doing sth / consider sth
provide	v. 提供	provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
offer	v. 主动提供	offer to do sth / offer sb sth
attend	v. 出席；参加	attend a meeting / attend school
require	v. 需要；要求	require sb to do sth

第二类 · 观点/比较类（14 个）

词	词性/意思	必背搭配/例句
advantage	n. 优势	the advantage of... / One advantage is that...
disadvantage	n. 劣势	the disadvantage of...
opinion	n. 观点	In my opinion, ... / in my opinion
compare	v. 比较	compare A with B / compared to...
prefer...to	phr. 比起…更喜欢	I prefer tea to coffee.
reason	n. 原因；理由	the reason why... / reason for sth
purpose	n. 目的	the purpose of... / on purpose
choice	n. 选择	make a choice / have no choice
decision	n. 决定	make a decision / decide to do
convenient	adj. 方便的	It is convenient to do sth
necessary	adj. 必要的	It is necessary to do sth
possible	adj. 可能的	It is possible to do sth
important	adj. 重要的	more important（比较级）
different	adj. 不同的	difference（名词）/ different from

第三类 · 连接/评价类（12 个）

词	词性/意思	必背搭配/例句
however	adv. 然而	..., however, ...（前后用逗号）
although	conj. 虽然	Although it was late, ...（不与 but 连用）
therefore	adv. 因此	..., therefore, ...
in addition	phr. 此外	In addition, ...（句首）
for example	phr. 例如	..., for example, ...
as a result	phr. 结果	As a result, ...
on the other hand	phr. 另一方面	On the other hand, ...
instead of	phr. 而不是	instead of + 名词/doing
such as	phr. 比如	..., such as A, B and C.
because of	phr. 因为	because of + 名词（区别于 because + 句子）
while	conj. 而；当…时	While I like tea, he likes coffee.
especially	adv. 尤其	especially on weekends

⑤ 五大使用场景全解（配图记忆）

场景	例句	记忆点
1 谈利弊	One advantage of online learning is flexibility. One disadvantage is loneliness.	advantage/disadvantage 成对出现
2 说观点	In my opinion, students should do sports every day.	开头用 In my opinion
3 转折	The flat is small. However, it is very convenient.	however 前后逗号
4 给原因	Because of the rain, we stayed home. = Because it rained, we stayed home.	because of + 名词；because + 句子
5 举例	Many subjects are useful, such as English and maths.	such as 后接名词列举

because 与 because of 的分界线because + 句子（有主语有动词）：because it rained；because of + 名词/代词：because of the rain。PET 写作最爱挖这个空。

⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断

错误 1：advice 当可数名词
✗ an advice / some advices → ✓ a piece of advice / some advice
advice 是不可数名词，动词形式是 advise。

错误 2：because 与 because of 混
✗ because the rain → ✓ because of the rain；✗ because of it rained → ✓ because it rained
空格后是名词用 because of，是句子用 because。

错误 3：although 与 but 连用
✗ Although it was late, but I went out. → ✓ Although it was late, I went out.
中文"虽然…但是…"成对，英文 although 和 but 只留一个。

错误 4：however 当连词用
✗ However it was late, I went out. → ✓ It was late. However, I went out.
however 是副词不是连词，前面要用句号或分号，后面加逗号。

错误 5：prefer 搭配错
✗ I prefer tea than coffee. → ✓ I prefer tea to coffee.
prefer A to B，固定介词 to，不是 than。

⑦ PET 考点与真题演练

题型	怎么考	应对
Reading Part 4 双向完形	挖掉一段句子，抓 this/however/therefore 衔接	看挖掉句与前后句的逻辑关系
Reading Part 5 多匹配	5 人 vs 8 选项，匹配观点	划每人的 opinion/advantage 关键词
Writing Part 1 Email	100 词，回朋友邮件	用 In my opinion / however / because of 组织段落
Writing Part 2 文章	100 词，谈利弊	On the one hand... On the other hand...
Speaking Part 3	与搭档讨论图片并给观点	I think... / I agree / However, ...

真题风格演练（PET 出题方式）

真题风格 · PET Reading Part 4挖掉句："However, many students find online learning boring." 它最可能放回哪段后？
A. 介绍在线学习好处的段后　B. 介绍学校生活的段后　C. 介绍周末活动的段后

A。However 表转折，前面应该说"好处"，后面转折说"缺点"。

真题风格 · PET Writing Part 1朋友来信问你"在城市住好还是在乡下住好"。回 Email（约 100 词）：① 说你的看法；② 给两个理由；③ 问朋友的想法。

参考：Hi Sam, Thanks for your email. In my opinion, living in the city is better. First, there are more shops and cinemas, so it is more convenient. However, the city can be noisy and expensive. I think the countryside is quieter, but there is less to do. What's your opinion? Write soon, Anna（78 词，用到 In my opinion / However / opinion）

真题风格 · PET Speaking Part 3考官问："Do you think students should wear school uniforms?" 你怎么答？

参考：In my opinion, school uniforms are a good idea. One advantage is that everyone is equal. However, some students think uniforms are boring. I think it is important to follow school rules.（先给观点，再给利弊，最后立场）

考场提分提醒PET Email 100 词想拿高分，秘诀就是"观点+连接词+理由"三段式：开头 In my opinion，中间用 However / On the other hand 转折，结尾问对方看法。别只写干巴巴的短句。

⑧ 背诵内容：10 个观点句型

每句都含抽象词，背下来直接能搬上 PET 考场。

In my opinion, students should do sports every day. 在我看来，学生应该每天运动。
One advantage of reading is that it improves our knowledge. 阅读的一个好处是它能增长我们的知识。
However, reading can also be tiring after a long day. 然而，漫长一天后读书也会累。
Although it was expensive, we bought the car. 虽然贵，我们还是买了车。
The reason why I like English is that it is useful. 我喜欢英语的原因是它有用。
Because of the bad weather, the match was cancelled. 因为天气不好，比赛取消了。
I prefer tea to coffee in the morning. 早上比起咖啡我更喜欢茶。
For example, you can read English stories every day. 比如，你可以每天读英文故事。
It is important to make a good decision. 做出好的决定很重要。
As a result, my English has improved a lot. 结果，我的英语进步了很多。

PET Email 模板（谈利弊）

Hi ___, Thanks for your email. In my opinion, ___ is a good idea. One advantage is that ___. However, one disadvantage is that ___. On the other hand, ___. What's your opinion? Write soon! Best, ___

⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会

练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）

跟着背诵卡读 3 遍，特别注意 however / although / therefore 的发音和停顿。

练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）

Q: Do you think students should use mobile phones at school?　→　A: In my opinion, they shouldn't. However, phones are useful for looking up words.

Q: What are the advantages of living in a big city?　→　A: One advantage is that there are more jobs. On the other hand, it is more expensive.

Q: Why do you want to learn English?　→　A: The reason is that I want to travel. Because of English, I can talk to people from many countries.

练习 C · 挑战（3 分钟）

用 5 句话谈"上网好不好"，至少用到 advantage / disadvantage / however / because of / in my opinion。

口语评分自查说完后对 3 条：① however 前后有停顿吗？② because of 后面是名词吗？③ prefer 后面是 to 吗？三条全过 = 这关过了。

考场示范对话（读熟就能套）

Examiner: Some people say children should learn a foreign language at primary school. What's your opinion?
You: In my opinion, it is a good idea. One advantage is that young children learn faster. However, it can be difficult because they already have many subjects. On the other hand, learning a language early is a great opportunity.

考官：有人说孩子应该小学就学外语。你怎么看？/ 在我看来是个好主意。一个好处是小孩学得快。然而，他们科目已经很多，可能会难。另一方面，早学语言是很好的机会。

⑩ 分层练习 18 题（含答案与解析）

基础 1填空：___ my opinion, reading is fun.（In / On）

In。In my opinion 固定搭配。

基础 2选词：One ___ of living in the city is more jobs.（advantage / advice）

advantage。"好处/优势"。

基础 3填空：___ it was late, I finished my homework.（Although / But）

Although。句首"虽然"。

基础 4填空：I prefer tea ___ coffee.（to / than）

to。prefer A to B 固定搭配。

基础 5选词：___ the rain, we stayed home.（Because of / Because）

Because of。后面是名词 the rain。

基础 6改错：He gave me an advice.

He gave me a piece of advice. advice 不可数。

进阶 7填空：The book is good. ___, it is too long.（However / Because）

However。转折"然而"。

进阶 8填空：I want to ___ my English.（improve / prove）

improve。"提高/改善"。

进阶 9填空：The ___ why I was late is the traffic.（reason / opinion）

reason。"原因"。

进阶 10填空：___, I think we should go now.（As a result / On a result）

As a result。固定短语"结果"。

进阶 11完形：Living in the countryside has many (1) ___. For example, it is quiet and cheap. (2) ___, there are fewer shops and cinemas. (3) ___, it is not for young people.

(1) advantages；(2) However；(3) Therefore。

进阶 12改错：Although he was ill, but he went to school.

Although he was ill, he went to school.（去掉 but）

挑战 13（爬坡对比）KET 你会说 "I like English. It is useful." 请升级成 PET 级观点句。

In my opinion, English is very important because it is useful for travel and work.（旧：两句短句；新：In my opinion + because 连成观点句）

挑战 14（爬坡对比）KET 你会说 "The city is good. The city is noisy." 请用 however 连接。

The city has many advantages. However, it is often noisy and expensive.（旧：两句分开；新：however 转折，advantage 升级）

挑战 15（爬坡对比）PET 风格：用本课词填空：One ___ of reading is that it improves our ___. ___, reading can be tiring. I think it is ___ to read every day.

advantage / knowledge / However / important。

挑战 16（爬坡对比）写 50 词小段落：你认为学生该不该带手机上学。

参考：In my opinion, students shouldn't use phones in class. One disadvantage is that phones distract us. However, phones are useful for looking up new words. In my opinion, we can use them after class.（52 词）

挑战 17（爬坡对比）改错（3 处）：Because of it rained, so we stayed home. Although we were bored, but we read books.

① Because of it rained → Because it rained（后接句子用 because）；② 去掉 so；③ Although..., but... → 去掉 but。整句：Because it rained, we stayed home. Although we were bored, we read books.

挑战 18（爬坡对比）口头输出：用 5 句谈"线上学习好不好"，至少用到 5 个本课词。

参考：In my opinion, online learning is a good idea. One advantage is that we can study at home. However, it can be boring because we don't see friends. On the other hand, it saves time. As a result, we have more time for hobbies.

⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划

三句口诀 ① In my opinion 开头表观点，advantage/disadvantage 谈利弊。
② however 是副词前后逗号，although/but 不同框。
③ because + 句子，because of + 名词；prefer A to B。

7 天复习计划（配合 KET→PET 过渡）

天	任务	自检
第 1 天	背经历发展类 14 词 + 做基础 1-6	全对即可
第 2 天	背观点比较类 14 词 + 搭配	advantage/prefer 脱口而出
第 3 天	背连接评价类 12 词 + 做进阶 7-12	错题重做全对
第 4 天	挑战 13-18 + 写 50 词观点段	用到 5 个本课词
第 5 天	做 1 篇 PET Reading Part 4 双向完形	逻辑衔接词全对
第 6-7 天	每天口头说 5 句"我的观点"	口语流利不卡壳

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