PET 阶段你写 Email 已经会用 but / because / so；FCE 写 140-190 词 Essay，考官要看的是整篇文章的逻辑骨架——On the one hand / However / Therefore / In conclusion。这些"衔接词"就是文章的关节，关节不够，文章就是一堆散句子。这一页把 FCE Essay 最该会的 20 个衔接词一次给你。
① 这一课怎么学（爬坡 4 步法）
总用时约 70 分钟，衔接词是 FCE Essay 的"骨架分"：
1读（20 分钟） 看第②③④部分：衔接词分哪几类、每类放句首还是句中、标点怎么打。
2练（20 分钟） 做第⑥⑩部分题目，错了就回头看"标点和位置"规则。
3背（15 分钟） 背第⑧部分 10 个 Essay 骨架句 + 四段式模板。
4说（15 分钟） 做第⑨部分口语练习，用衔接词谈一个话题。
本课的小目标学完这一课，你要能做到三件事：① 知道 6 类衔接词分别用在哪；② 正确写出 On the one hand... On the other hand... However... Therefore... In conclusion...；③ 写一段 100 词 Essay 段落，至少用到 5 个衔接词。
② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）
FCE Essay 六大类衔接词。
Linking Words Essay 骨架
→
开头引入
Nowadays
It is true that
→
加递进
Also
In addition
Moreover
→
转折对比
However
On the other hand
Although
→
因果举例
Therefore
As a result
For example
→
结论
In conclusion
In my opinion
To sum up
读法：按段落位置记——开头用 Nowadays，段中用 However/Therefore，结尾用 In conclusion。
③ 先认识它：衔接词到底起什么作用
一句话：衔接词就是文章的"交通标志"——告诉读者下一句是转折、是递进、是因果还是结论。
对比：PET 写法 Homeworking saves time. It can be lonely. I think it has both good and bad sides.（三句散话）；FCE 写法 Homeworking saves time. However, it can be lonely. In conclusion, it has both advantages and disadvantages.（逻辑立刻清晰）。
别用错级别PET 会用 but / so / because 就够；FCE 要升级成 however / therefore / because of。同一个意思，换更正式的衔接词就是 B2 信号。
④ 20 个核心衔接词：六大类一次给全
第一类 · 开头引入（2 个）
衔接词
位置/标点
例句
Nowadays
句首，加逗号
Nowadays, many people work from home.
It is true that...
句首
It is true that technology has changed our lives.
第二类 · 递进/补充（4 个）
衔接词
位置/标点
例句
Also
句首，加逗号
Also, homeworking saves travel costs.
In addition
句首，加逗号
In addition, workers can plan their day freely.
Moreover
句首，加逗号（更正式）
Moreover, it reduces stress.
Furthermore
句首，加逗号（最正式）
Furthermore, it is better for the environment.
第三类 · 转折/对比（4 个）
衔接词
位置/标点
例句
However
句首/句中，前后逗号
However, it can be lonely.
On the other hand
句首，加逗号
On the other hand, office work offers team support.
Although
句首/句中，接句子
Although it is convenient, it can be boring.
On the one hand... On the other hand...
配对使用
On the one hand, it saves time. On the other hand, it can be lonely.
第四类 · 因果（4 个）
衔接词
位置/标点
例句
Therefore
句首，加逗号
It rains. Therefore, we stay home.
As a result
句首，加逗号
As a result, many people prefer homeworking.
Because of
句首/句中，接名词
Because of the rain, we stayed home.
Consequently
句首，加逗号（正式）
Consequently, productivity has increased.
第五类 · 举例（3 个）
衔接词
位置/标点
例句
For example
句首/句中，逗号
Many cities are crowded. For example, Beijing has 20 million people.
For instance
同上
It is expensive. For instance, a coffee costs 40 yuan.
Such as
句中，后接名词
Many subjects, such as English and maths, are important.
第六类 · 结论（3 个）
衔接词
位置/标点
例句
In conclusion
结尾段开头
In conclusion, homeworking has both advantages and disadvantages.
To sum up
结尾段开头
To sum up, a mix of both is best.
In my opinion
结尾给立场
In my opinion, students should do sports every day.
⑤ 五类使用场景全解（配图记忆）
场景
例句
记忆点
1 引入话题
Nowadays, more and more people shop online.
开头第一段
2 正方观点
On the one hand, online shopping is fast and cheap. In addition, it saves time.
正方段用递进词
3 反方观点
On the other hand, you can't try things on. However, many shops offer free returns.
反方段用转折词
4 因果论证
Online shopping is convenient. Therefore, more people use it.
Therefore/As a result
5 结尾结论
In conclusion, online shopping is here to stay. In my opinion, it is a good development.
结尾段
标点铁律however / therefore / moreover 等连接副词，前后要用句号或分号隔开，后面加逗号：It was late. However, we kept working. 不能说 It was late, however we kept working.
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1：however 当连词用 ✗ It was late, however we kept working. → ✓ It was late. However, we kept working. however 是副词不是连词，前面要用句号。
错误 2：although 与 but 连用 ✗ Although it was late, but we kept working. → ✓ Although it was late, we kept working. although 和 but 只留一个。
错误 3：because of 后接句子 ✗ Because of it rained, we stayed home. → ✓ Because it rained, we stayed home. / Because of the rain, we stayed home. because of + 名词；because + 句子。
错误 4：通篇 but/so/and ✗ The flat is small, but it is cheap, but I like it. → ✓ The flat is small. However, it is cheap. In addition, I like the area. FCE 要升级用词，别反复用口语化的 but/so。
错误 5：On the one hand... 后面不配对 ✗ On the one hand, it is cheap. It is small too. → ✓ On the one hand, it is cheap. On the other hand, it is small. On the one hand 必须配 On the other hand。
⑦ FCE 考点与真题演练
题型
怎么考
应对
Use of English Part 2 open cloze
挖空填连接副词/介词
看前后逻辑：转折/因果/递进
Use of English Part 4 KWT
改写句考衔接词替换
but → however；so → therefore
Reading 长文
衔接词定位作者态度
看到 however 就知道要转折了
Writing Essay 140-190
四段式结构
每段用对应衔接词骨架
Speaking Part 4
深度讨论给观点
I think... However... In conclusion...
真题风格演练（FCE 出题方式）
真题风格 · FCE Use of English Part 2The flat is very small. ___, it is in a great location.
However。前后转折：小但位置好。
真题风格 · FCE Use of English Part 4 KWT用 HOWEVER 改写："The car was expensive, but we bought it." → The car was expensive. ___, we bought it.
真题风格 · FCE Writing Essay题目："Some people think children should start school at 4, while others think they should start at 6." 写 140-190 词 Essay，给出你的观点。
参考骨架：Nowadays, there is much debate about when children should start school. On the one hand, starting at 4 helps children learn social skills. In addition, they can start learning earlier. On the other hand, young children need more play time. However, school can be fun too. In conclusion, I believe children should start at 5, which is a good balance.（约 90 词，扩展到 150 词即可）
考场提分提醒FCE Essay 想拿高分，每段开头用衔接词：第一段 Nowadays；第二段 On the one hand；第三段 On the other hand / However；第四段 In conclusion。考官一眼就看到结构。
⑧ 背诵内容：10 个 Essay 骨架句 + 四段式模板
每句都含 FCE 级衔接词，背下来直接搬上 Essay。
1.Nowadays, more and more people work from home. 如今，越来越多人居家办公。
2.On the one hand, homeworking saves time and money. 一方面，居家办公省时省钱。
3.In addition, workers can plan their own day. 此外，工作者可以自己安排一天。
4.On the other hand, it can be lonely and boring. 另一方面，它可能孤独又无聊。
5.However, many companies offer online meetings. 然而，很多公司提供线上会议。
6.Therefore, homeworking is becoming more popular. 因此，居家办公越来越流行。
7.For example, my sister works from home three days a week. 比如，我妹妹每周居家办公三天。
8.As a result, she has more time with her family. 结果，她有更多时间陪家人。
9.In conclusion, homeworking has both advantages and disadvantages. 总之，居家办公有利有弊。
10.In my opinion, a mix of office and home work is best. 在我看来，办公室和居家结合最好。
FCE Essay 四段式模板（背熟直接套）
第1段（引入）：Nowadays, ___ is a popular topic. Some people believe ___, while others think ___. 第2段（正方）：On the one hand, ___. In addition, ___. For example, ___. 第3段（反方）：On the other hand, ___. However, ___. As a result, ___. 第4段（结论）：In conclusion, ___. In my opinion, ___.
⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会
练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着背诵卡读 3 遍，注意 however / therefore 后面要停顿。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city? → A: On the one hand, there are more jobs. On the other hand, it is more expensive. However, I like cities.
Q: Should children learn English early? → A: On the one hand, young children learn faster. On the other hand, they have enough time. Therefore, I think it is a good idea.
练习 C · 挑战（3 分钟）
用 5 句话谈"线上学习好不好"，至少用到 On the one hand / However / Therefore / In conclusion。
口语评分自查说完后对 3 条：① however 前面有停顿吗？② On the one hand 配对 On the other hand 了吗？③ 结尾用 In conclusion 了吗？三条全过 = 这关过了。
考场示范对话（读熟就能套）
Examiner: Some people think social media has more disadvantages than advantages. Do you agree? You: On the one hand, social media helps us stay in touch with friends. In addition, it is a cheap way to communicate. On the other hand, it can be addictive. However, if we use it carefully, it is a useful tool. In conclusion, I think it has both sides.
基础 5填空：___ the rain, we stayed home.（because/because of）
Because of。后接名词 the rain。
基础 6改错：Although it was late, but I went out.
Although it was late, I went out. 去掉 but。
进阶 7填空：___ the one hand, it is cheap. ___ the other hand, it is small.
On / On。On the one hand... On the other hand... 固定配对。
进阶 8填空：Learning English is useful. ___, it is fun.（递进）
In addition / Moreover / Also。递进"此外"。
进阶 9改错：It was late, however we kept working.
It was late. However, we kept working. however 前用句号。
进阶 10填空：Many subjects are important, ___ English and maths.（举例）
such as。后接名词列举。
进阶 11完形：(1)___, more people work from home. (2)___ the one hand, it saves time. (3)___, it can be lonely. (4)___, I think a mix is best.
(1) Nowadays；(2) On；(3) On the other hand / However；(4) In conclusion。
进阶 12改错：I think it is a good idea, because of it is useful.
I think it is a good idea because it is useful. because of 后接名词，这里接句子用 because。
挑战 13（爬坡对比）PET 你会写："The flat is small. It is cheap. I like it." 请升级成 FCE 级段落。
The flat is quite small. However, it is very cheap. In addition, I like the area. Therefore, I think it is a good choice.（加了 However / In addition / Therefore）
挑战 14（爬坡对比）PET 你会写："I like reading. It is fun. It helps me learn." 请升级。
I enjoy reading very much. In addition to being fun, it helps me learn new words. Therefore, I read every day.
挑战 15（爬坡对比）FCE KWT 风格：用 HOWEVER 改写："The car was expensive, but we bought it." → The car was expensive. ___, we bought it.
However。but 升级成 however。
挑战 16（爬坡对比）写 100 词 Essay 段："学生该不该带手机上学？" 用四段式。
参考：Nowadays, many students have mobile phones. On the one hand, phones are useful for looking up new words. In addition, parents can contact their children. On the other hand, phones can distract students in class. However, if rules are clear, this is not a problem. In conclusion, I believe students can bring phones but must not use them in class.（85 词）
挑战 17（爬坡对比）改错（3 处）：On the one hand, it is cheap. It is small. I like it. But, the location is good. In conclusion, I don't like it.
① On the one hand 后应配 On the other hand：On the other hand, it is small.；② But → However，改成 However, the location is good.；③ 结论矛盾——前面说喜欢，结论说不喜欢，改为 In conclusion, I think it is a good flat.
挑战 18（爬坡对比）口头输出：用 5 句谈"上网好不好"，至少 5 个衔接词。
参考：Nowadays, many people use the Internet every day. On the one hand, it gives us a lot of information. In addition, we can talk to friends online. On the other hand, it can be addictive. However, if we use it carefully, it is very useful. In conclusion, I think the Internet has more advantages.
⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀
① 开头 Nowadays，正方 On the one hand，反方 On the other hand。
② however/therefore 前用句号，后面加逗号。
③ 结尾 In conclusion + In my opinion 给立场。