PET 阶段你已经会写 The man who lives next door is a doctor.（住隔壁的男人是医生）。FCE 要求你多写一种句子：My father, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.（我爸爸是医生，他住在北京）。多了两个逗号，从句的性质就完全变了——这就是限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句，FCE Use of English 必考。
对比：The students who study hard will pass.（那些努力学习的学生会通过——限定是哪些学生，不是所有学生都通过）。My students, who study hard, will pass.（我的学生会通过，顺便说他们学习很努力——补充，我所有学生都努力）。
为什么它是 FCE Essay 的"高级感"标志FCE 写人写物时，PET 你只会写 My father is a doctor. He lives in Beijing. 两句短句；FCE 要写成 My father, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor. 一个复合句。考官一看就知道你会用复杂结构。
非限制性从句前有逗号，就绝对不能用 that ✅ My house, which is small, is near the park. ✗ My house, that is small, is near the park. 逗号 = that 的死刑。看到逗号就选 who/which，别选 that。
whose 表所属（FCE 高频）
例句
意思
I met a lady whose son is a doctor.
我遇到一位女士，她的儿子是医生。
This is the house whose roof is red.
这就是那栋屋顶是红色的房子。
⑤ 五类使用场景全解（配图记忆）
场景
例句
记忆点
1 限定人群
Students who study hard will pass.
限制性：哪些学生？
2 介绍人物（补充）
My teacher, who is 40, loves tennis.
非限制性：顺便介绍
3 介绍物品（补充）
My phone, which I bought last year, is broken.
非限制性：补充来历
4 表所属
The boy whose bag was lost is sad.
whose + 名词
5 整个句子作先行词
He passed the exam, which made us happy.
which 指代前面整件事
which 指代整件事（FCE 高级句）He passed the exam, which made us happy.这里 which 不是指代 exam，而是指代"他通过考试"这件事。这种句子 FCE Essay 写结尾特别好用。
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1：非限制性从句用 that ✗ My father, that is a doctor, lives in Beijing. → ✓ My father, who is a doctor, lives in Beijing. 逗号后面只能用 who/which，不能用 that。
错误 2：该加逗号没加 ✗ My brother who lives in London is a doctor.（听起来像你有多个兄弟，限定是住伦敦那个） → ✓ My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor.（你只有一个兄弟，补充他住哪） 看先行词是不是"独一无二"：爸爸/妈妈/唯一的兄弟 → 非限制性，加逗号。
错误 3：限制性从句多加逗号 ✗ Students, who study hard, will pass.（意思变成"所有学生都努力"） → ✓ Students who study hard will pass.（限定是哪些学生） 泛指一类人时不加逗号。
错误 4：whose 用错 ✗ The man his car was stolen is sad. → ✓ The man whose car was stolen is sad. 表所属用 whose，不用 his/her。
错误 5：非限制性从句省略引导词 ✗ My father, lives in Beijing, is a doctor. → ✓ My father, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor. 作主语的引导词不能省。
⑦ FCE 考点与真题演练
题型
怎么考
应对
Use of English Part 2 open cloze
挖空填 who/which/whose
看先行词是人是物，看有没有逗号
Use of English Part 4 KWT
改写句考定语从句合并
两句并一句，注意逗号
Reading 长文
非限制性从句补充人物信息
看到逗号就知道是补充说明
Writing Essay 140-190
写人写物加从句
用 My teacher, who..., ... 提升句式
Speaking Part 4
深度讨论介绍人物
用 My friend, who..., ...
真题风格演练（FCE 出题方式）
真题风格 · FCE Use of English Part 2My sister, ___ lives in Paris, is a fashion designer.
who。先行词 sister 是人，前后有逗号（非限制性），不能用 that。
真题风格 · FCE Use of English Part 4 KWT用 WHOSE 改写："That's the girl. Her mother is a famous writer." → That's the girl ___.
whose mother is a famous writer（4 个词，含 whose，在 2-5 词范围内）。
参考：My favourite teacher is Ms Lee, who has been teaching us for three years. She, who is very kind, always helps us when we have problems. Her classes, which are always interesting, make us love English.（48 词，两个非限制性从句）
考场提分提醒FCE Essay 想拿 B2 高分，至少写 2-3 个非限制性从句：介绍人物时 My teacher, who...；介绍物品时 The Internet, which...。别通篇短句。
⑧ 背诵内容：10 个必备句型 + 写人模板
每句都含 who/which/whose，背下来直接搬上 FCE 考场。
1. My father, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital. 我爸爸是医生，在一家大医院工作。
2. Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. 北京是中国首都，历史悠久。
3. The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
4. Students who study hard will pass the exam. 努力学习的学生会通过考试。
5. I met a lady whose son is a famous singer. 我遇到一位女士，她儿子是著名歌手。
6. My phone, which I bought last year, is broken. 我的手机是去年买的，现在坏了。
7. He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. 他通过了考试，这让他父母很高兴。
8. The man who lives next door is a teacher. 住隔壁的那个男人是老师。
9. This is the house whose roof is red. 这就是那栋屋顶是红色的房子。
10. My best friend, who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit me. 我最好的朋友住在上海，他要来看我。
FCE Essay 写人模板
My favourite person is ___, who is ___. He/She, who always ___, teaches me a lot. His/Her lessons, which are always ___, make me ___. I will never forget him/her, which is why I admire him/her so much.
⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会
练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着背诵卡读 3 遍，注意非限制性从句前后要停顿。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: Tell me about your father. → A: My father, who is an engineer, works in Nanjing.
Q: Tell me about your city. → A: Nanjing, which is an old city, has many beautiful parks.
Q: Tell me about your favourite teacher. → A: Ms Wang, who has taught us for two years, is very kind.
Examiner: Tell me about your hometown. You: My hometown is Nanjing, which is an old city in the east of China. It, which has a history of over 2,000 years, is famous for its food. The people here, who are very friendly, welcome visitors from all over the world.
基础 1填空：The man ___ lives next door is a doctor.（who / which）
who。先行词 man 是人。
基础 2填空：The book ___ is on the desk is mine.（which / who）
which。先行词 book 是物。
基础 3填空：My father, ___ is 45, works in a bank.（who / which / that）
who。非限制性从句（有逗号），不能用 that。
基础 4填空：I met a lady ___ son is a doctor.（who / whose / which）
whose。表所属"她的儿子"。
基础 5改错：My mother, that is a teacher, loves reading.
My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading. 非限制性不能用 that。
基础 6判断：下面哪句是限制性？A. Students who work hard will pass. B. My students, who work hard, will pass.
A。A 无逗号，限定哪些学生；B 有逗号，补充所有学生都努力。
进阶 7填空：Beijing, ___ is the capital of China, is a big city.（which / that）
which。非限制性，不能用 that。
进阶 8填空：The house ___ roof is red is mine.（which / whose / who）
whose。"房子的屋顶"，表所属。
进阶 9合并句子：He passed the exam. This made us happy.
He passed the exam, which made us happy. which 指代整件事。
进阶 10改错：My brother, lives in Shanghai, is a doctor.
My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is a doctor. 缺引导词 who。
进阶 11完形：This is Mr Lee, (1) ___ is our English teacher. He, (2) ___ classes are always interesting, has taught us for two years. The book (3) ___ he wrote is very popular.
(1) who；(2) whose；(3) which/that/不填。
进阶 12改错：Writers, who write quickly, often make mistakes.（这句想表达"写得快的作家常犯错"，泛指）
Writers who write quickly often make mistakes. 泛指一类人，去掉逗号变限制性。
挑战 13（爬坡对比）PET 你会写两句：My father is a doctor. He lives in Beijing. 请合并成 FCE 级复合句。
My father, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.（旧：两句短句；新：非限制性从句合并）
挑战 14（爬坡对比）PET 你会写两句：I bought a book. The book is interesting. 请合并（限制性）。
The book which/that I bought is interesting. / The book I bought is interesting.（限制性，that/which 可省）
挑战 15（爬坡对比）FCE KWT 风格：用 WHOSE 改写："That's the girl. Her mother is a writer." → That's the girl ___.
whose mother is a writer（4 词，含 whose，2-5 词范围）。
挑战 16（爬坡对比）写 50 词段落介绍你最喜欢的城市，含 2 个非限制性从句。
参考：My favourite city is Hangzhou, which is in the east of China. It, which is famous for the West Lake, attracts millions of visitors every year. The people there, who are very friendly, make you feel at home.（48 词）
挑战 17（爬坡对比）改错（3 处）：My school, that is big, has many trees. The student which bag was lost is sad. Teachers, who work hard, are respected.（最后一句想泛指"努力工作的老师"）
① that → which；② which → whose；③ 去掉逗号 → Teachers who work hard are respected.（泛指）
挑战 18（爬坡对比）口头输出：用 3 个定语从句介绍"你最好的朋友"。
参考：My best friend is Tom, who is 14 years old. He, who lives near my house, goes to the same school as me. His favourite subject, which is English, is also my favourite.
⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀
① 逗号一出现，that 就死，who/which 顶上。
② 独一无二的人/物（爸爸/妈妈/首都），非限制性加逗号。
③ 所属关系用 whose，which 可指代整件事。