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知识点深化 · C1 Advanced · 写作 · 衔接手段

衔接与逻辑连接词：however / conversely / thereby / furthermore

C1 写作口语拿高分的关键是衔接多样、逻辑清晰。把 but/so/and 升级成 however/nevertheless/conversely（对比）、therefore/thereby/consequently（因果）、furthermore/moreover（递进）。这是 Coherence 评分的直接依据。

① 这一课怎么学（C1 冲刺 4 步法）

总用时约 90 分钟，拆成 4 步，一步都别跳：

1读（20 分钟）
看第③④部分：四类衔接词各自用在哪，连接副词和连词的区别。
2练（25 分钟）
做第⑥⑩部分，重点 thereby + doing、conversely 的角度。
3背（20 分钟）
背第⑧部分 10 个衔接句型。
4说（25 分钟）
口语 Part 3 用 Furthermore / Conversely 让协作有条理。
本课的小目标学完你要能：① 告别 then/and/so，用四类衔接词写 Essay；② thereby 后接 doing；③ conversely（反过来）和 on the contrary 不混用。

② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）

这张图就是本课的完整地图：衔接词共五大块：对比转折、因果结果、递进补充、总结类比、thereby+doing。

衔接词 完整体系
→
对比转折
however
nevertheless
conversely
notwithstanding
→
因果结果
therefore
consequently
thereby
hence
→
递进补充
furthermore
moreover
in addition
what is more
→
总结类比
in conclusion
to sum up
by the same token
→
语法要点
连接副词加逗号
thereby+doing
→

读法：从根出发，五大块顺序走，每块下面是小节点，全记住你就通关了。

③ 先认识它：衔接词到底是什么

一句话：衔接词 = 标明句子之间逻辑关系的词。对比用 however/nevertheless/conversely；因果用 therefore/consequently/thereby；递进用 furthermore/moreover；总结用 in conclusion/to sum up。

关键点：① 这些多是连接副词，要加逗号，且不能直接连两个句子（要用分号或句号）；② thereby + doing（从而），不是 thereby do；③ conversely = 换个角度/反过来，不等于 on the contrary（恰恰相反）。
为什么它是 C1 拿分点Part 2 开放完形常填 however/therefore/furthermore；Writing Essay 衔接多样是 Coherence 拿 C1 的硬指标。

④ 完整体系表

衔接词全表：

结构规则例句
对比/转折however, nevertheless, conversely, in contrast, notwithstandingNevertheless, blaming platforms is too simple.
因果/结果therefore, consequently, as a result, hence, therebyIt thereby accelerates the spread.
递进/补充furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is moreFurthermore, algorithms reward outrage.
总结/类比in conclusion, to sum up, overall, by the same tokenBy the same token, readers must verify.
连接副词用法句首加逗号；句中前后逗号；不能直接连两句..., therefore, ... / However, ...
必背细节① 连接副词（however/therefore）前是句号或分号，不能 like "..., however it..." 直接连。② thereby + doing。③ conversely = 换角度；on the contrary = 否定对方（恰恰相反）。

⑤ 用法场景全解

场景例句记忆点
转折让步Admittedly regulation is costly; nevertheless, it is necessary.诚然…然而…
换角度Conversely, readers themselves must take responsibility.反过来/另一方面
因果It cuts costs; it thereby reduces quality.从而（+doing）
递进Furthermore, the system is unreliable.此外
总结In conclusion, a combination of measures is needed.总之
使用提醒衔接词别堆砌：一段用 1-2 个就够。逻辑关系要真，不能为了显高级乱加 however。

⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断

错误 1：连接副词当连词✗ The plan is cheap, however it is risky. → The plan is cheap. However, it is risky.（或 ; however,）
however 是副词，不能用逗号连两句。
错误 2：thereby 后接动词原形✗ It thereby reduce quality. → It thereby reduces quality. / It thereby reducing...
thereby doing 结构中用 doing。
错误 3：conversely 当"恰恰相反"✗ A: Is it expensive? B: Conversely, it is cheap. → On the contrary, it is cheap.
conversely 是换角度，否定对方用 on the contrary。
错误 4：逗号位置错✗ However we must agree. → However, we must agree.
连接副词放句首要加逗号。
错误 5：so/because 堆砌✗ So it is cheap, so we buy it, so we... → 用 Therefore / As a result 替换。
口语化 so 一串，升级为衔接词。

⑦ C1 考点与真题演练（3 题）

题型怎么考应对
Reading & Use Part 2开放完形填 however/therefore/furthermore逻辑关系判断
Reading & Use Part 4KWT：so→therefore / but→however2-5 词
Writing Essay段落衔接Coherence 拿 C1
Speaking Part 3协作逻辑连接让讨论有条理

真题风格演练（CAE 出题方式）

真题风格 · CAE填空：The service is slow. ___, the food is excellent.（然而）
答案：However / Nevertheless（前后转折）。
真题风格 · CAE改错：He posted the rumour, thereby spread it to thousands.
答案：thereby spreading it to thousands.（thereby + doing）。
真题风格 · CAEKWT：It rains a lot, so the ground is wet. KEY: THEREFORE → It rains a lot; ___, the ground is wet.
答案：therefore（因果，前用分号）。
考场提分提醒Part 2 先判断前后句是转折、因果还是递进，再选词。写作时每段开头用一个衔接词领起，阅卷官一眼看到逻辑骨架。

⑧ 背诵内容：10 个必备衔接句型

每天背 3 句，3-4 天背完。背的时候大声读，边读边想意思。

1. The plan is ambitious. However, it is not realistic. 这个计划雄心勃勃，然而并不现实。
2. Furthermore, it would cost a fortune. 此外，它会耗资巨大。
3. Conversely, a cheaper option might be safer. 相反，更便宜的选择可能更安全。
4. The policy cuts emissions; it thereby improves air quality. 这项政策减排，从而改善空气质量。
5. Nevertheless, we have no choice but to act. 尽管如此，我们别无选择只能行动。
6. Therefore, we must reconsider the whole approach. 因此，我们必须重新考虑整个方案。
7. Admittedly, the results are mixed. 诚然，结果喜忧参半。
8. By the same token, consumers must change their habits. 同理，消费者也必须改变习惯。
9. In conclusion, neither extreme is justified. 总之，两个极端都站不住脚。
10. Notwithstanding the difficulties, progress is being made. 尽管困难重重，进步正在发生。

⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会

练习 A · 跟读（3 分钟）
跟着背诵卡读 3 遍，注意连接副词后面的停顿（逗号）。
练习 B · 自我对话（4 分钟）
Q: Is online learning effective?　→　A: Admittedly, it is flexible; nevertheless, it lacks human contact.
Q: Should cities ban cars?　→　A: Conversely, some argue that cars are essential for the economy.
Q: What can we do about waste?　→　A: Furthermore, recycling alone is not enough.
练习 C · 挑战（3 分钟）
不看稿子，用 However / Furthermore / In conclusion 就"远程办公好不好"说 40 秒。
口语评分自查① 连接副词加逗号了吗？② thereby 后接 doing 了吗？③ conversely 用对角度了吗？

考场示范（读熟就能套）

Student A: Social media connects us globally. Student B: Nevertheless, it can also deepen loneliness. Conversely, video calls keep families close. Furthermore, it spreads news fast. In conclusion, its value depends on how we use it.
A：社交媒体让我们全球相连。B：然而它也会加深孤独。反过来，视频通话让家庭保持亲密。此外，它还能快速传播新闻。总之，它的价值取决于我们如何使用它。

⑩ 分层练习 18 题（含答案与解析）

基础选词：It rained. ___, we stayed home.（因果）
Therefore / As a result
基础选词：The house is small. ___, it is bright.（转折）
However / Nevertheless
基础选词：The book is funny. ___, it has a serious message.（递进）
Furthermore / Moreover
基础改错：It was expensive, however we bought it.
It was expensive. However, we bought it.
基础填空：He shared the post, thereby ___ (reach) thousands.
reaching
基础选词：___, I agree with you to some extent.（诚然）
Admittedly
进阶KWT：The product is cheap, but it is fragile. KEY: NEVERTHELESS → The product is cheap; ___, it is fragile.
nevertheless
进阶改错：This reduces costs, thereby lowering morale?（thereby do）→ It thereby ___ morale.
lowers（或 thereby lowering）
进阶选：A: Is it hard? B: ___, it is the easiest exam I have taken.（否定对方）
On the contrary（不是 conversely）
进阶填空：___, neither solution is perfect.（总之）
In conclusion / To sum up
进阶填空：Small firms are flexible; ___, they have fewer resources.（反过来）
conversely
进阶改错：Furthermore the plan saves time, it also saves money.
Furthermore, the plan saves time...（加逗号）
挑战翻译：尽管有困难，这项政策仍值得一试。
Notwithstanding the difficulties, the policy is worth trying.
挑战改写：We trained staff. As a result, efficiency rose. → We trained staff, thereby ___ .
improving efficiency
挑战造句：用 Conversely, ... In conclusion, ... 写两句论证。
Conversely, working from home can isolate people. In conclusion, a hybrid model is best.
挑战口语：用 Furthermore / By the same token 就环保说两句，30 秒。
Furthermore, individuals must act. By the same token, governments must lead.
挑战改错（2 处）：But however it is cheap, so we buy it, however it may break.
However cheap it is, we buy it; nevertheless, it may break.
挑战KWT：Because of the delay, we missed the flight. KEY: CONSEQUENTLY → The delay was long; ___, we missed the flight.
consequently

⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划

三句口诀① 转折用 however/nevertheless/conversely；因果用 therefore/consequently/thereby。
② 递进用 furthermore/moreover；总结用 in conclusion/by the same token。
③ 连接副词加逗号、不能逗号连两句；thereby 后接 doing。

7 天复习计划

天任务自检
第 1 天背衔接表 + 基础 1-6全对即可
第 2 天进阶 7-12 + 重做错题错题重做全对
第 3 天挑战 13-18 + 写一段 Essay自查衔接
第 4 天回看 3 道真题逻辑词秒判
第 5-7 天每天口头用 3 个衔接词口语流利

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