这个单元有 5 章：流程图题型拆解（Process）、地图题拆解（Map，今昔对比）、被动语态用法、方位描述词汇、流程图/地图范文自测。
学完你能：遇到流程图会按步骤顺序、用被动语态写清楚"先做什么、再做什么"；遇到地图题会用方位词描述"哪里新建了什么、哪里拆掉了什么"。这两类题虽然考得比数据图少，但套路固定，是"送分题"。
预计时间：3–4 天（每天 40 分钟）。
前后衔接：上接 Unit 1 数据图表。流程图和地图都不考数字趋势，而考"顺序"和"方位"——本章的被动语态还会在 Task2 继续用到。
流程图考"步骤顺序"（第1、2章），地图考"方位变化"（第3章）。两者都靠两套核心武器：流程图的被动语态 + 顺序连接词，地图的方位介词。最后套范文（第4、5章）。
题型拆解 · 流程图（Process）按步骤写
流程图里"把原料加热"这一步，你写 "People heat the material"——其实没人知道是谁在加热。流程图的黄金法则是：不写人，用被动。这一章就解决这个。
流程图的写作步骤
论流程图三步走
① 开头改写：说明这个图展示的是什么过程、分几个阶段。
② 按箭头顺序写：用 First / Then / Next / After that / Finally 串起来，一步一句。
③ 全程被动：主语是"物"，不是"人"——The material is heated，不说 People heat it。
① First / Initially / To begin with（第一步）
② Next / Then / After that（中间步骤）
③ Subsequently（随后，稍正式）
④ Finally / Ultimately（最后一步）
解题策略 · 被动语态是流程图的灵魂
被动语态怎么变形
| 主动（别写） | 被动（要写） | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| People collect the stones | The stones are collected | 石头被收集 |
| Workers heat the mixture | The mixture is heated | 混合物被加热 |
| The machine pours water | Water is poured | 水被注入 |
| They cool the product | The product is cooled | 产品被冷却 |
| People pack the goods | The goods are packed | 货物被包装 |
被动别忘了 be 动词和过去分词：The stones collected → The stones are collected。单数主语用 is（the mixture is heated），复数用 are。流程图用一般现在时被动（因为是客观过程）。
即学即用：改被动
练习：把下面改成流程图被动句：① People dry the bricks in the sun. ② A machine cuts the wood into small pieces. ③ Workers then mix the powder with water.
查看参考答案
- ① The bricks are dried in the sun.
- ② The wood is cut into small pieces.
- ③ The powder is then mixed with water.
地图题 · 方位描述与今昔对比
方位词 + 变化词
| 功能 | 词汇 |
|---|---|
| 方位 | in the north/south/east/west, in the centre, on the corner, to the west of, adjacent to |
| 新增 | a new hospital was built / constructed, was added, was erected |
| 拆除 | the old factory was demolished / knocked down, was removed |
| 改建 | was converted into / was replaced by, was transformed into |
| 不变 | remained unchanged, stayed the same |
论地图题写法
① 开头：The two maps illustrate changes that took place in a town/village between 1990 and today.
② 概述：Overall, the area became much more developed / residential, with several new facilities.
③ 细节：按方位顺序写变化——北部新建了什么、南部拆掉了什么。地图题同样多用被动（was built / was demolished）。
模板输出 · 流程图与地图范文片段
流程图片段（砖的制作）
地图片段（某镇变化）
即学即用：写一段
练习：用被动写"泡一杯茶"的三个步骤（boil water / put tea bag in cup / pour water and wait）。
查看参考答案
- 示范：First, water is boiled in a kettle. Next, a tea bag is placed into a cup. Then the hot water is poured over the tea bag, and the tea is left to brew for a few minutes before it is served.
自测 · 流程图/地图各写一段
自测题
流程图/地图自测
流程题：The diagram shows how chocolate is made. 步骤：cacao pods are harvested → beans are removed and fermented → beans are dried and roasted → ground into powder → mixed with milk and sugar → liquid chocolate is produced. 写≥120词。
地图题：一个校园 2000 vs 2024：图书馆旁新建了食堂；旧操场被新教学楼取代；树木保留。写 overview + 2 句变化。
查看要点与骨架
- 流程：全程被动 + To begin with / Next / Then / After that / finally。例：Cacao pods are harvested, after which the beans are removed and fermented. The beans are then dried and roasted before being ground into powder.
- 地图 overview：Overall, the campus became more modern, with new buildings replacing the old playground, although the trees were preserved.
- 自查：被动 be+过去分词齐了吗？顺序/方位词有了吗？
在线学习资源 · 官方
本课程范文均为原创教学片段，不复制剑桥真题原文。