这个单元有 5 章:主题课文"Leo 的生日聚餐"、词汇延展(食物词族 + 饮料词)、语法延展(可数/不可数 + some/any + many/much)、功能句型(点餐与表达喜好)、Flyers 考点与自测。
学完你能:用 80+ 食物词说出一餐饭吃什么;分清 apple(可数)和 water(不可数);some/any、many/much 四组量词一次不混——然后直接接上 KET 的"点餐与食物"话题。
预计时间:1 周。
衔接说明:食物是 Flyers 听力 Part 1 和口语点餐的最高频话题,可数/不可数更是 KET 读写完形的"必考题"。这一单元把量词家族一次讲透。
食物单元 = 食物词族 + 可数/不可数 + some/any/many/much。课文带你看 Leo 十岁生日聚餐,词汇按"主食/水果蔬菜/饮料/快餐"分组,语法攻克"几个苹果"和"多少水"。
主题课文 · Leo 的生日聚餐
课文 · The Birthday Table
课文精讲 · 三句话"餐桌上有什么"
论Flyers 餐桌描述公式
第 1 句:有什么(肯定)。There are some sandwiches. / There is some juice.(some + 复数/不可数)
第 2 句:没有什么(否定)。There aren't any oranges. / There isn't much milk.(any 用于否定)
第 3 句:有多少。We haven't got many sweets. There's a lot of food.(many+可数复数,much+不可数)
考试怎么考:Flyers 听力 Part 1 让你"听着对话选桌上有什么/没有什么",读写完形考 some/any/many/much——这套三句话公式就是考点本身。
① have a party 办派对
② a bowl of fruit 一碗水果(a bowl of + 不可数)
③ too much cola 太多可乐(too much + 不可数)
④ a lot of food 很多食物(肯定句替换 many/much)
⑤ be hungry 饿(不用 hungry for)
词汇延展 · 食物词族
四组词族 · 主食、果蔬、饮料、零食
(可参看「食物词族」深化页)| 组 | 核心词 | 可数/不可数 |
|---|---|---|
| 主食与肉 | bread, rice, meat, chicken, fish, burger, sandwich, pizza | bread/rice/meat 不可数;sandwich/burger 可数 |
| 水果与蔬菜 | apple, banana, orange, pear, grape, tomato, potato, carrot | 全可数(one apple / two apples) |
| 饮料 | water, milk, juice, cola, tea, coffee, lemonade | 全不可数(a glass of water) |
| 零食与甜点 | cake, sweet, chocolate, ice cream, biscuit, candy | cake/chocolate 可不可数均可;sweet 可数 |
① bread/rice/meat 不可数:不能说 a bread、two rices。要计量用 a piece of bread、a bowl of rice。
② chicken 一词两义:chicken 表示"鸡肉"不可数(some chicken);表示"小鸡"可数(two chickens)。
③ fish 一词两义:fish 表示"鱼肉"不可数;表示"鱼"可数且单复数同形(two fish)。
④ 复数拼写:sandwich→sandwiches、potato→potatoes、tomato→tomatoes(加 -es)。
语法延展 · 可数/不可数与 some/any/many/much
可数 vs 不可数
| 可数名词 | 不可数名词 | |
|---|---|---|
| 能不能数 | 能:one apple, two apples | 不能:water(不能说 two waters) |
| 单数搭配 | an apple / a sandwich | some water / a glass of water |
| 复数搭配 | some apples / many apples | some water / much water |
| be 动词 | There is an apple. / There are apples. | There is some water. |
| 例子 | apple, burger, sweet, egg, tomato | bread, rice, milk, juice, meat |
不可数名词后面动词用单数:There is some milk(不是 are)。Milk is cold。
不可数名词不能加 -s:不能说 milks、breads、rices。要"几份"用计量词:a glass of milk、two pieces of bread。
考试怎么考:Flyers 完形:"There ___ some juice on the table." 填 is(不是 are)。
some / any / many / much / a lot of
| 量词 | 用在哪 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| some | 肯定句 + 可数复数/不可数 | There are some apples. / some juice. |
| any | 否定句/疑问句 + 可数复数/不可数 | There aren't any oranges. / Is there any milk? |
| many | 可数复数(疑问/否定多用) | How many sweets? / not many apples |
| much | 不可数(疑问/否定多用) | How much milk? / not much cola |
| a lot of | 肯定句,可数不可数都行 | a lot of apples / a lot of food |
① some 也可用于"请求/邀请"的疑问句:Would you like some tea?(期待对方说 yes)
② How many + 复数,How much + 不可数:How many apples? / How much water?
③ many/much 在肯定句里偏正式:口语肯定句爱用 a lot of——I've got a lot of friends.
情景操练
即学即用
练习1(some/any):① There are ___ apples on the table.(some/any) ② There aren't ___ oranges.(some/any) ③ Would you like ___ tea?
练习2(many/much):① How ___ sandwiches? ② How ___ milk? ③ There isn't ___ cola. ④ There are ___ bananas.(很多)
练习3(is/are):① There ___ some juice. ② There ___ some apples. ③ There ___ a lot of food.
练习4(写自己的话):用 There is some... / There aren't any... 写 3 句你家冰箱里有什么/没什么。
查看参考答案
- 练习1:① some ② any ③ some
- 练习2:① many ② much ③ much ④ a lot of
- 练习3:① is ② are ③ is(food 不可数)
- 练习4(示范):There is some milk in the fridge. There are some eggs. There aren't any oranges.
功能句型 · 点餐与表达喜好
三套句型模板
(可参看「点餐用餐句型」深化页)I'd like a hamburger, please.
Can I have some orange juice, please?
I like apples, but I don't like oranges.
I love chocolate cake! It's delicious.
What would you like? → I'd like a pizza.
Would you like some tea? → Yes, please. / No, thank you.
Is there any milk? → Yes, there's some. / No, there isn't any.
场景对话 · 考场实战
Leo: I'd like a cheese burger and some chips, please.
Waiter: Would you like something to drink?
Leo: Can I have some apple juice, please?
Waiter: Sure. Is that all?
Leo: Yes. Oh, wait — have you got any ice cream?
Waiter: Yes, we've got chocolate and strawberry.
Leo: I'd like a chocolate ice cream, please.
Waiter: Here you are. Enjoy your meal!
Flyers 考点 · 食物主题怎么考 + 自测
考点分布表
| 卷子 | 题型示例 | 应对策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Listening Part 1 | 听点餐选食物/数量 | 抓 some/any + 食物词 |
| Reading Part 2 | 看图选词(餐桌/厨房场景) | 食物词族直接选 |
| Reading Part 5 | 完形:some/any、much/many、is/are | 肯定用 some,否定疑问用 any |
| Writing Part 7 | 看图写 2 句(菜单/餐桌场景) | There is some... / There are some... |
| Speaking Part 2 | 餐厅点餐 | I'd like... / Can I have...? + please |
本单元自测 · 8 题
Flyers 食物主题自测
1(填空):There aren't ___ oranges.(some/any)
2(选择):How ___ milk do you want? A. many B. much C. a lot of
3(is/are):There ___ some bread on the plate.
4(改错):There are some milk in the glass.
5(可数不可数):写出计量词:一___ water / 两___ bread / 三___ apples
6(阅读判断):"We haven't got many sweets." —— 糖果很多。 A. True B. False C. Not given
7(写作):写 2 句你的冰箱:There is some... / There aren't any...
8(口语):扮演餐厅点餐:点一个主食 + 一杯饮料,用 I'd like... / Can I have...?
查看参考答案
- 1:any(否定句用 any)
- 2:B(milk 不可数用 much)
- 3:is(bread 不可数)
- 4:There is some milk(milk 不可数用 is)
- 5:glass/bottle of;pieces of;(数字直接加)apples
- 6:B(haven't got many = 不多)
- 7(示范):There is some juice in the fridge. There aren't any oranges.
- 8(示范):I'd like a hamburger, please. Can I have some apple juice?
KET 衔接 · 同一话题的两级进阶
论Flyers 食物 → KET 点餐,难度怎么长
词汇升级:Flyers 认识 apple/juice/burger;KET 要会拼写 + 会用 recipe、ingredient、vegetarian、bill 等餐厅与饮食搭配。
句子变长:Flyers 三句话公式(有什么/没什么/多少);KET 要加偏好理由(I'd prefer tea because...)、加订餐细节(a table for two)。
语法加码:Flyers 只考 some/any/many/much;KET 加 a few/a little 辨析、how much 问价格、不可数名词的量词体系全面化。
现在就做:翻开菜单(或家里的冰箱),用 There is some... / There are some... / There aren't any... 各写一句——写对了,KET 的食物话题你就有底子了。
在线学习资源 · 剑桥官方
- 剑桥 Flyers 官方考试页(内含免费样题/真题下载)
- YLE 官方教师手册 PDF(Starters/Movers/Flyers 2024)
- Cambridge English 免费学习资源与游戏
点进官方考试页可下载免费样题;本课程课文为同主题原创内容,知识点与官方大纲对齐。