你是第一次学这个知识点？别慌，这一页就是为你准备的：先告诉你第一课学什么 → 怎么学 → 怎么记 → 怎么练 → 背什么 → 怎么说 → 考什么。Unit 2 课文里 There are two more lessons、There are lots of books there，还有描述教室那句 There are thirty desks——"哪里有什么"全靠它。
① 这一课怎么学（小白 4 步法）
总用时约 60 分钟，拆成 4 步，一步都别跳：
1读（15 分钟） 先看第②③部分：there be 是什么、就近原则怎么回事、和 have 有什么区别。别背，先看懂。
2练（15 分钟） 做第⑥⑩部分的题目，错了就回头看对应规则，把错因写下来。
3背（15 分钟） 背第⑧部分背诵卡：10 个必备句型 + 描述教室模板，背到脱口而出。
4说（15 分钟） 做第⑨部分口语练习，大声读出来、录下来，说给自己听。
第一课的小目标学完这一课，你要能做到三件事：① 看到后面名词就知道用 is 还是 are；② 自己写 5 句描述"房间里/教室里有什么"全对；③ 用英语介绍你的教室或卧室，30 秒不卡壳。
② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）
这张图就是本课的完整地图：there be 总共 5 大块，先有地图再走路，学起来不迷路。
there be 完整体系
→
变形家族
there is
there are
there was
there were
→
核心规则
就近原则
some/any
方位介词
→
易错诊断
混 have
就近原则错
否定漏 any
→
KET 考点
单选方位
完形就近
看图写话
口语教室
→
输出闭环
背诵句型
口语演练
真题测试
读法：从根出发，5 大块顺序走。每块下面是小节点，全记住你就通关了。
③ 先认识它：there be 到底是什么
一句话：there be 是英语里表达"某地存在某物"的句型，中文都翻译成"有"，但它不表示"谁拥有"，只表示"那个地方存在什么东西"。
Unit 2 课文说 There are lots of books in the library.（图书馆里有很多书）——书不是图书馆"拥有"的私产，而是"那个地方存在"。注意：there 在这不是"那里"的意思，它只是个形式开头，真正的主语在 be 动词后面。所以 be 用 is 还是 are，要看紧跟在它后面的第一个名词——这就是大名鼎鼎的"就近原则"。
为什么它是 KET 看图写话第一句型描述图片、介绍教室、报家里几口人——只要说"哪里有什么"，开头就是 there be。Unit 2 描述教室那道口语题，答案几乎全是 there is/are。它和 have got 是 KET 里两个"有"，考场最爱让你二选一。
some 还是 any？一句话记死there be 句型里：肯定句用 some，否定句和疑问句用 any。✓ There are some books on the desk.（肯定）/ There aren't any books.（否定）/ Are there any books?（疑问）。这和 Unit 1 的 haven't got any 是同一套逻辑，三个语法点共用一条规则。
④ 完整变形体系：现在/过去 × 肯定/否定/疑问
there be 随时间和后面名词变形：现在时 is/are，过去时 was/were。
现在时 there is / there are 完整变形表（KET 最高频）
句式
单数 / 不可数
复数
KET 考查
肯定
There is a book on the desk.
There are two books on the desk.
高频（必考）
否定
There isn't a computer.
There aren't any posters.
高频（否定加 any）
一般疑问
Is there a computer? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
Are there any posters? — Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
高频
就近原则（KET 完形最爱挖坑）
be 动词只看紧跟它后面的第一个名词，不管后面跟着多少东西：
✓ There is a teacher and twenty students in the classroom.（紧跟 a teacher 单数 → is）
✗ There are a teacher and twenty students.（错！后面即使有 students 也不看）
反过来：There are twenty students and a teacher.（紧跟 twenty students 复数 → are）
过去时 there was / there were（描述昨天、刚才）
句式
单数 / 不可数
复数
肯定
There was a park here before.
There were many people at the party.
否定
There wasn't a shop.
There weren't any shops.
疑问
Was there a museum?
Were there many students?
记法：was 配单数/不可数，were 配复数——和 is/are 的就近规则完全对应。
there be 与 have 的本质区别（KET 必考辨析）
句型
含义
主语
例句
there is/are
某地"存在"某物
地点开头，真主语在后面
There is a book on the desk.（桌上有本书）
have / have got
某人"拥有"
人/动物作主语
I have a book.（我有一本书）
口诀："哪里有"用 there be，"谁有"用 have。桌上的书不是桌子拥有的，是桌上存在的。
方位介词搭配（听力/看图写话高频）
介词
意思
例句
in
在……里面
There is a pen in the box.
on
在……上面（接触）
There is a book on the desk.
under
在……下面
There is a cat under the table.
next to / near
在……旁边/附近
There is a shop near my home.
behind / in front of
在……后面/前面
There is a tree behind the house.
看图写话时，there be 句型后面接一个方位介词，就能把图里的位置说清楚——这是 Part 1 和写作的拿分固定套路。
⑤ 四类用法场景全解（配图记忆）
场景
例句
记忆点
1 描述房间/教室有什么
There are thirty desks in the classroom.
Unit 2 核心句，看图写话开头
2 报数量 / 几口人
There are five people in my family.
口语 Part 1 高频
3 否定"没有"
There aren't any computers.
否定必加 any
4 方位描述（in/on/under/next to）
There is a cat under the table.
听力方位题，be + 介词
5 不可数名词也用 is
There is some milk in the glass.
milk/bread/water 不可数按单数算
不可数名词是隐形单数water、milk、bread、money、time 这些词没有复数形式，紧跟它们一律用 is：There is some water.（不能说 are some water）。但如果前面是 two glasses of water，就近看 glasses 复数 → There are two glasses of water.（量词变复数，be 跟着量词走）。
⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断
错误 1：there be 与 have 混用 ✗ There have a book on the desk. → ✓ There is a book on the desk. "哪里有"用 there be，不用 have。
错误 2：违反就近原则 ✗ There are a pen and two books on the desk. → ✓ There is a pen and two books. be 只看紧跟的第一个名词 a pen（单数）。
错误 3：否定句漏 any ✗ There aren't books on the desk. → ✓ There aren't any books. 否定/疑问里"一些"要说 any。
错误 4：复数名词配 is ✗ There is many books in the library. → ✓ There are many books. 紧跟的是复数名词 books，必须用 are。
错误 5：疑问回答用 they ✗ — Are there any posters? — Yes, they are. → ✓ — Yes, there are. there be 问句用 there 回答，不用 they/it。
⑦ KET 考点与真题演练
题型
怎么考
应对
Reading Part 1 单选
五选一配图："There is a cat under the table."
找 be + 方位介词，对图
Reading Part 5 完形
短文 8 空，is/are/就近原则入空
圈紧跟 be 的第一个名词定单复数
Writing 看图写话
35 词小作文：描述图片里有什么、在哪
There is/are 开头是拿分句
Listening 方位题
听对话判断房间布局："There's a sofa next to the window."
抓 there is/are + 方位词
Speaking 描述教室
"What's your classroom like?"
用 There is... / There are... 回答
真题风格演练（KET 出题方式）
真题风格 · Part 1看图片选句子：图里桌上有一本书和两支笔。
A. There is a book and two pens on the desk. B. There are a book and two pens. C. There has a book on the desk.
A。就近原则：紧跟 a book 单数用 is；C 错把 there be 写成 have。
真题风格 · Part 5完形填空：In my classroom, (1) ___ a big whiteboard on the wall. (2) ___ there any computers? No, but there (3) ___ twenty desks and chairs.
真题风格 · Speaking考官问："What's your classroom like?" 你怎么答？
参考：It's big and bright. There is a whiteboard at the front, and there are thirty desks. There aren't any computers in our classroom.（there is/are + 方位 + 否定）
考场提分提醒KET 看图写话，开头用 There is/are... 描述图里有什么，是最稳的拿分句。写完一定回查就近原则：is 后面是不是单数/不可数，are 后面是不是复数。听力方位题听到 next to / on the left / behind，赶紧在草稿上画个简图，答案就是 be + 方位介词。
⑧ 背诵内容：10 个必备句型 + 描述教室模板
每天背 3 句，3 天背完。背的时候大声读，边读边想意思，别死记单词。
1. There is a whiteboard in my classroom. 我的教室里有一块白板。
2. There are thirty desks and chairs. 有 30 张桌椅。
3. There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
4. There isn't a computer in the room. 房间里没有电脑。
5. There aren't any posters on the wall. 墙上没有海报。
6.Is there a library near here? — Yes, there is. ——附近有图书馆吗？——有。
7.Are there any apples? — No, there aren't. ——有苹果吗？——没有。
8. There is a cat under the table. 桌子下面有一只猫。
9. There was a park here before. 以前这里有个公园。
10. There were many people at the party. 聚会上有很多人。
描述教室模板（KET Speaking Part 1 直接套）
This is my classroom. There is a big whiteboard at the front, and there are thirty desks and chairs. There are two windows on the left. There isn't a television, but there is a bookshelf in the corner. I like my classroom.
⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会
练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）
跟着上面背诵卡读 3 遍：第一遍慢读看发音，第二遍正常速度，第三遍不看文字凭记忆说。
练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）
Q: What's your classroom like? → A: There is a whiteboard and there are thirty desks.
Q: Are there any computers? → A: No, there aren't. We go to the IT room.
Q: How many people are there in your family? → A: There are four.
练习 C · 挑战（2 分钟）
不用稿子，用 there is/are 说 5 句关于"你的卧室"（床、桌子、书、有没有电脑、墙上有什么）。录下来回听。
口语评分自查说完后对 3 条：① 单数用 is、复数用 are 了吗？② 否定句加了 any 吗？③ 有没有把 there be 说成 have？三条全过 = 这关过了。
考场示范对话（读熟就能套）
Examiner: What's your classroom like? You: It's big and bright. There is a whiteboard at the front. Examiner: Are there any computers? You: No, there aren't. But there is a bookshelf in the corner. Examiner: How many desks are there? You: There are twenty-five desks and chairs.
基础 3改否定：There is a computer. → There ___ ___ a computer.
isn't（is not）。
基础 4变疑问：There are some posters. → ___ there ___ posters?
Are / any。疑问把 are 提前，some 变 any。
基础 5改错：There have a pen on the table.
There is a pen。"桌上有"用 there be，不用 have。
基础 6填空（加 some/any）：There aren't ___ apples in the fridge.
any。否定句用 any。
进阶 7选词（就近原则）：There ___ a teacher and twenty students in the room. (is / are)
is。就近原则，紧跟 a teacher 单数。
进阶 8选词：There ___ twenty students and a teacher in the room. (is / are)
are。紧跟 twenty students 复数。
进阶 9选词（there be 还是 have）：My bedroom ___ a big window.
has / has got。"卧室拥有一扇窗"——这里把房间当主体"有"，可用 have got；若强调"墙上存在窗"则说 There is a window in my bedroom。
进阶 10过去时填空：There ___ (be) many people at the park yesterday.
were。yesterday 过去时 + many people 复数 → were。
进阶 11完形（KET Part 5 风格）：Our school is big. There (11) ___ a library and three playgrounds. There (12) ___ any swimming pools, but there (13) ___ a small gym.
(11) is（就近 a library）；(12) aren't（any 复数否定）；(13) is（a small gym 单数）。
挑战 12翻译：我们学校里有一间图书馆、两个计算机房和一个大操场。
There is a library, two computer rooms and a big playground in our school. 就近原则：紧跟 a library 用 is。
参考：This is my bedroom. There is a bed and a desk. There is a photo on the wall, but there isn't a computer on the desk.
挑战 14改错（4 处）：There is two books on the shelf. There are a pen and three pencils. There haven't any pictures. There are a cat under the chair.
① is → are（two books 复数）；② are → is（就近 a pen）；③ haven't → aren't（there be 否定是 aren't，且加 any）；④ are → is（a cat 单数）。
挑战 15综合口语：用 there is/are 介绍你的教室，至少 3 句（有什么、在哪、没有什么）。
参考：There is a whiteboard at the front. There are twenty-five desks. There aren't any computers, but there is a bookshelf.
⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划
三句口诀
① there be 表"存在"，be 动词跟着最近的名词走。
② 单数不可数用 is/was，复数用 are/were。
③ 否定疑问加 any，"谁有"用 have，"哪里有"用 there be。 ④ 看到 a book and two pens，be 只认第一个 a book。 ⑤ 不可数名词（milk/water/bread）按单数算，用 is。这一条和 Unit 4 的可数/不可数词直接挂钩，提前打个底。