知识点深化 · 语法 · 小白第一课

被动语态：is made / was built / has been done + have sth done

Unit 6 社会与事件，B2 要把被动语态扩展到各时态（现在/过去/完成/情态），并掌握have something done（让别人做）。Use of English Part 1/4 高频考被动转换和 have sth done。

① 这一课怎么学（小白 4 步法）

总用时约 70 分钟，B2 比 A2 多花 10 分钟在「辨析」上，拆成 4 步：

1读（20 分钟）
先看第②③④部分：各时态被动构成、by 短语省略、have sth done 使役。别背，先看懂规则和例句。

2练（20 分钟）
做第⑥⑩部分题目，错了就回头看对应规则，把错因写在错题本上。

3背（15 分钟）
背第⑧部分背诵卡：10 个 B2 必备句型 + 口语模板，背到脱口而出。

4说（15 分钟）
做第⑨部分口语练习，大声读、录下来回听，对标 FCE Speaking Part 2/4。

B2 这一课的小目标学完你要做到三件事：① 把一个主动句改成任意时态被动，并正确用 have sth done；② 做 3 道 Use of English（Part 2/3/4）题型题全对；③ 用英语就这个知识点说 1 分钟，考官挑不出 B1 级别的错误。

② 一图看懂全课（思维导图）

被动 5 大块。先有地图再走路。

被动语态
各时态被动 + have sth done

→

现在被动

English is spoken here.

→

过去被动

The bridge was built in 1990.

→

完成被动

The work has been finished.

→

情态被动

It must be done today.

→

have sth done

I had my hair cut.

读法：从根出发，5 大块顺序走。每块下面是小节点，全记住你就通关 FCE 这一课。

③ 先认识它：被动语态到底是什么

一句话：被动 = 宾语升为主语，be + 过去分词，强调动作承受者或不知道/不必说动作执行者。The bridge was built（桥是被建的）比 We built the bridge 更客观。

B2 重点是be 随时态变：is/are done（现在）、was/were done（过去）、has/have been done（完成）、must be done（情态）。再加 have sth done = 让别人帮你做（I had my car repaired = 我找人修了车）。

写作客观必备议论文、新闻用被动更客观：The survey was carried out last year. It has been suggested that... 比 We carried out... 正式。

by 常省略不知道或不必说执行者时省略 by：The window was broken.（谁打的不知道）。

④ 完整体系：各时态被动全表

时态	主动	被动
现在	People speak English.	English is spoken.
过去	They built it in 1990.	It was built in 1990.
现在完成	They have finished it.	It has been finished.
情态	You must do it.	It must be done.
将来	They will build it.	It will be built.

have something done

例句	含义
I had my hair cut.	我（找别人）理发了
Shes having her car repaired.	她正找人修车

⑤ 用法场景全解（配图记忆）

场景	例句	记忆点
1 现在客观	Rice is grown in Asia.	is done
2 过去事件	The temple was built centuries ago.	was done
3 完成结果	The report has been written.	has been done
4 必须	It must be returned by Friday.	must be done
5 让别人做	I had my phone repaired.	have sth done

have sth done 不是自己做I cut my hair = 我自己剪；I had my hair cut = 我找理发师剪。使役结构宾语是被做的事。

⑥ 中国学生 5 大高频错误诊断

错误 1：被动忘 be
✗ The house built in 1990. → ✓ The house was built.

错误 2：过去分词错形
✗ It was buy. → ✓ It was bought（buy-bought）。

错误 3：完成被动漏 been
✗ It has been finish. → ✓ It has been finished.

错误 4：have sth done 时态错
✗ I had my hair to cut. → ✓ I had my hair cut（过去分词，不加 to）。

错误 5：by 滥用
不必要说执行者时省略 by：Rice is grown（不必 by farmers）。

⑦ FCE 考点与真题演练（Use of English 三题型）

题型	怎么考	应对
Part 1 多选	各时态被动 + by 短语	找时间标志定时态
Part 4	主动↔被动转换；have sth done	宾语升主语，be+p.p.
Writing 报告	客观描述调查结果	It was found that... 被动

真题风格演练（FCE B2 出题方式）

真题风格 · FCE Part 4key word transformation：They have postponed the meeting. → The meeting ________. (BEEN)

has been postponed。现在完成被动 has been + p.p.

真题风格 · FCE Part 4key word transformation：A mechanic repaired my bike. → I ________. (HAD)

had my bike repaired。have sth done = 让别人修。

真题风格 · FCE Part 2open cloze：The bridge ________ built over two hundred years ago.

was。two hundred years ago 过去时，单数 bridge → was。

考场提分提醒Part 4 给 BEEN/HAD 提示：完成被动用 has been + p.p.；使役用 had sth done（done 是过去分词）。时间标志词决定 be 的时态。

⑧ 背诵内容：10 个 B2 必备句型 + 口语模板

每天背 3-4 句，3 天背完。背的时候大声读，边读边想 B2 语境，别死记单词。

English is spoken in many countries. 许多国家讲英语。
The castle was built in the 15th century. 这座城堡建于 15 世纪。
The results have been announced. 结果已经公布了。
This must be finished by tomorrow. 这必须明天前完成。
I had my car serviced last week. 我上周找人保养了车。
The new hospital will be opened next year. 新医院明年开业。
She is having her house decorated. 她正找人装修房子。
The letter has been sent. 信已经寄出去了。
Drugs must not be sold to children. 药品不得卖给儿童。
There are those who argue that history is written by the winners, but I would argue that many untold stories have been forgotten. 有人说历史由胜利者书写，但我认为许多不为人知的故事被遗忘了。

FCE Writing 报告客观模板

The survey was carried out among 200 students. It has been found that most of them use phones daily. Several improvements have been suggested, and a final report will be published next month.

⑨ 口语练习：说出来才算会

练习 A · 跟读（2 分钟）

跟着上面背诵卡读 3 遍：第一遍慢读看发音，第二遍正常速度，第三遍不看文字凭记忆说。

练习 B · 自我对话（3 分钟）

Q: Where was your phone made? → A: It was made in China.

Q: Did you cut your hair yourself? → A: No, I had it cut yesterday.

Q: Has the homework been checked? → A: Yes, it has been checked.

练习 C · 挑战 · FCE Speaking Part 2 长话短说（2 分钟）

不看稿，1 分钟比较两张图（一座老建筑 / 一家新店），用至少 3 个不同时态被动。

口语评分自查（对标 FCE 四维度）说完后对 4 条：① 语法准确度；② 词汇丰富度（本课 B2 词块）；③ 连贯与衔接（连接词）；④ 发音清晰。四条全过 = 这关过了。

考场示范对话（读熟就能套）

A: Your bike looks new!
B: Thanks — I had it repaired last week.
A: Was it expensive?
B: Not really. The work has been finished in two days.

A：你自行车看着真新！/ B：谢谢——我上周找人修了。/ A：贵吗？/ B：不贵，活儿两天就干完了。

⑩ 分层练习 18 题（含答案与解析）

基础 1填空：English ___ (speak) worldwide.

is spoken。

基础 2填空：The house ___ (build) in 1990.

was built。

基础 3填空：The work ___ ___ (finish) already.

has been finished。

基础 4改错：The letter wrote yesterday.

→ The letter was written。

基础 5翻译：我理了发（找人）→ I ___ my hair ___.

had / cut。

基础 6填空：It must ___ (do) today.

be done。

进阶 7主动改被动：They make shoes here. → Shoes ___ ___ here.

are made。

进阶 8主动改被动：She has written the report. → The report ___ ___ ___.

has been written。

进阶 9改错：I had my car repair.

→ I had my car repaired。

进阶 10填空：The bridge ___ (build) next year.

will be built。

进阶 11情态被动：You must return it. → It must ___ ___.

be returned。

进阶 12改错：The window was break.

→ was broken。

挑战 13 · Part 4key word：They are delivering the parcel today. → The parcel ________ today. (BEING)

is being delivered。现在进行被动 is being + p.p.。

挑战 14 · Part 4key word：Someone stole my wallet. → I ________. (HAD)

had my wallet stolen。have sth done 也可指遭遇。

挑战 15 · Part 2open cloze：The results ________ been checked by the teacher already.

have。results 复数 + already → have been checked。

挑战 16 · 改错 2 处The house built last year, and I had my room paint.

① The house was built；② had my room painted。

挑战 17 · 写作用被动写一句客观描述一个调查结果。

参考：It has been found that most students are affected by screen time.

挑战 18 · 口语1 分钟比较两张图（工厂 vs 农场），用 3 个时态被动。

参考：Cars are made in the factory; rice is grown on the farm; the product has been sold worldwide.

⑪ 记忆口诀与 7 天复习计划

三句口诀
① 被动 = be（随时态）+ 过去分词。
② 时间标志定时态：ago→was；already→has been；must→must be。
③ have sth done = 让别人做（done 用过去分词）。

7 天复习计划（配合 FCE Unit 6）

天	任务	自检
第 1 天	背变形/词族表 + 做基础 1-6	全对即可
第 2 天	做进阶 7-12 + 重做错题	错题重做全对
第 3 天	挑战 13-18（含 UoE 三题型）	Part 4 改写拿分
第 4 天	回看考点表，做 1 篇 FCE UoE Part 2/3	本课相关空全对
第 5-7 天	每天口头说 1 分钟本课主题（Part 2 风格）	口语流利不卡壳

B2 考场延伸：本课在 FCE 四张卷里怎么拿分

Reading & Use of English Part 2（open cloze）遇到本课考点，先读整句判断词性与逻辑，再回填；Part 3（word formation）务必先判断空格需要名词、形容词还是副词，再决定加 -tion / -ive / -ly 等后缀；Part 4（key word transformation）必须用上题干给出的大写提示词，改写后保持原意、控制在两到三个词的答案长度。Writing（作文/邮件/文章）里把本课结构和词汇自然嵌入一段，比堆难词更能拿 Grammar 和 Vocabulary 分；每段用一个连接词串起句间逻辑。Speaking Part 2 用本课词做一分钟图片比较，先总述两张图的共同点，再逐项对比并给出个人倾向；Part 4 与搭档讨论时，先回应对方观点再补充，避免只说自己的话。

复习节奏建议：当天先看懂「本质」和「形式表」，再做分层练习的基础 6 题；第二天重做错题并挑战 Part 2/3/4 真题风格题；第三天起每天用本课句型口头造三句，直到不看背诵卡也能流利说出。错题不要只抄答案，要在旁边写出错因（词性、搭配、时态还是介词），考前只看错因清单即可。

小白常见误区再提醒

第一次学 B2 时，最容易犯的错不是不会，而是把 PET 的旧习惯直接搬上来：写作通篇用 and / but / so 连句，口语只会说 very good / very nice，该用名词的地方硬塞一个形容词。请记住，B2 评分看的是「能不能在正确的地方用对形式」，不是「认识多少难词」。一个用对的 however 比三个生僻词更得分。

另一个高频失分点是「中式直译」：把中文意思逐字翻成英文，结果介词、冠词、单复数全错。拿不准的搭配，优先背整句而不是背单词——本页背诵卡里的十句话就是现成语料，先跟读、再脱稿复述、最后换到自己生活里造新句。这样练出来的表达才不会在考场上卡壳。

最后提醒：Use of English 是「写对形式」，不是「写对意思」。Part 3 的空就算猜得出中文意思，填错词性照样不得分。动笔前先用一秒钟判断空格前后需要什么词性，再变形。

一句话自测：合上书你会吗

合上书，用三句话回答：① 本课结构/词族的核心规则是什么？② 最容易写错的一处形式是哪里？③ 我能不假思索说出背诵卡第 1、5、10 句吗？三句都能答出来，这一课才算真正过关；答不出就回到「本质」和「形式表」再看一遍，不要急着往下学。B2 不是靠刷页数堆出来的，而是靠每一课都能用自己的话讲清楚。

考前一周怎么用本页

考前一周不要刷新题，把本页的「三句口诀」「错误清单」「真题风格 3 题」和「背诵卡」过三遍：第一遍看懂规则，第二遍遮住答案重做错题，第三遍只看口诀口述例句。Part 4 key word transformation 尤其要限时练，每题不超过 90 秒，写完对照答案看是否用上了提示词、是否保持原意。

学完本课的标志

能在不看任何笔记的情况下，用本课结构和词汇就本单元主题说满一分钟、写对三句话、做对 Part 2/3/4 各一题，就算达标。

别跳过错题

每道错题都标清错因，考前只看错因清单。

← 返回 FCE Unit 6 课程 FCE 概览